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首页> 外文学位 >THE INFLUENCE OF ALIEN CHROMOSOMES ON THE DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF 'CHINESE SPRING' WHEAT. A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF WHEAT/RYE ADDITION AND SUBSTITUTION LINES.
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THE INFLUENCE OF ALIEN CHROMOSOMES ON THE DROUGHT RESISTANCE OF 'CHINESE SPRING' WHEAT. A PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF WHEAT/RYE ADDITION AND SUBSTITUTION LINES.

机译：外来染色体对'中国春'小麦抗旱性的影响。小麦/黑麦添加和替代系的生理和形态研究。

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摘要

The influence of some alien chromosomes on the drought resistance of wheat was determined by a physiological and morphological study of wheat/rye addition and substitution lines. The wheat parent used was Triticum aestivum L. em Thell, cv 'Chinese Spring', and the rye parent used was Secale cereale L. cv 'Imperial.' Their amphidiploid hybrid, Tritosecale Wittmach 'Triticale', disomic addition lines for chromosomes 1 through 7 of rye and 3 substitution lines of rye chromosomes in wheat were also available for this investigation.; Under drought stress, the grain yield of Chinese Spring and its aneuploid lines appeared to respond to a combination of morphological and physiological factors. The fraction of fertile florets, the number of fertile tillers and seed size were the important morphological traits that varied with the differences in the grain yield of all the genotypes tested. Among Chinese Spring and its aneuploid lines, substitution line 2R(,L)-2A(,S)/2A had the highest number of fertile florets and fertile tillers, a high percentage of viable pollen, and the highest average yielding ability under drought conditions. It also had the lowest reduction of grain yield due to moisture stress conditions.(,); Among physiological factors used in this investigation, the harvest index (grain yield/total above ground weight) showed an inverse correlation with the grain yield reduction under drought. The level of the hormone abscisic acid in artificially water-stressed leaves showed a positive correlation with the grain yield reduction under drought. It is possible, therefore, that drought-resistant genotypes are the ones that have better partitioning of photosynthetic assimilate to the grain than into straw, and accumulate lower levels of abscisic acid in response to water stress. The level of ethylene evolved from the artificially water-stressed leaves of all the genotypes did not correlate with their grain yield reduction under drought. The grain yield could not be predicted by photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water potential values in any of the tested genotypes under either water-stressed or non-stressed conditions.; Chinese Spring/Imperial substitution line 2R(,L)-2A(,S)/2A showed significantly improved drought resistance. Three aneuploid lines are vigorous in vegetative growth and greatly inferior in grain yield. They are substitution lines 2R/2B and 2R/2D and addition line 2R. . . . (Author's abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of author.) UMI
机译：通过对小麦/黑麦添加和代换系的生理和形态学研究，确定了一些外来染色体对小麦抗旱性的影响。所用的小麦亲本是“普通小麦”，cv“中国春”，而所用的黑麦亲本是“谷物” Scale谷类L.cm“ Imperial”。他们的二倍体杂种，Tritosecale Wittmach'Triticale'，用于小麦黑麦染色体1至7的二体组加成系和小麦黑麦染色体的3个替代系也可用于这项研究。在干旱胁迫下，中国春季及其非整倍体系的籽粒产量似乎对形态和生理因素的组合产生响应。可育小花的比例，可育分till的数量和种子大小是重要的形态特征，其随所测所有基因型的籽粒产量的不同而变化。在中国春季及其非整倍体系中，替代系2R（，L）-2A（，S）/ 2A的可育小花和可育分number数最高，可活动花粉百分比最高，并且在干旱条件下的平均产量最高。由于水分胁迫条件，其谷物减产最低。在这项调查中使用的生理因素中，收获指数（谷物产量/地面总重量）与干旱导致的谷物产量下降呈负相关。人工干旱胁迫下叶片中脱落酸的含量与干旱导致的籽粒减产呈正相关。因此，抗旱基因型可能是光合同化物比谷物更好地分配到谷物中的基因型，并且在水分胁迫下积累的脱落酸水平较低。从所有基因型的人工水分胁迫叶片进化而来的乙烯水平与其在干旱下的谷物减产没有关系。在水分胁迫或非胁迫条件下，无法通过任何测试基因型的光合作用速率，气孔导度和水势值来预测谷物产量。中国春季/帝国替代品系2R（，L）-2A（，S）/ 2A显示出明显改善的抗旱性。三个非整倍体系营养生长旺盛，且籽粒产量大大逊色。它们是替换线2R / 2B和2R / 2D和加法线2R。 。 。 。 （作者的摘要超出了规定的最大长度。经作者许可，在此处停产。）UMI

著录项

  • 作者

    LAHSAIEZADEH, MOHAMMADALI.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Riverside.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Riverside.;
  • 学科 Biology Plant Physiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1983
  • 页码 148 p.
  • 总页数 148
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物学;
  • 关键词

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