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首页> 外文学位 >AN AEROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE POTENTIAL FOR POULTRY WORKERS EXPOSED TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL AEROSOLS (NORTH CAROLINA)
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AN AEROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE POTENTIAL FOR POULTRY WORKERS EXPOSED TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF BIOLOGICAL AEROSOLS (NORTH CAROLINA)

机译：空气生物学分析确定高浓度生物气溶胶（北卡罗来纳州）对家禽工人的呼吸系统疾病潜力

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摘要

Airborne levels of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxins were quantified in the live chicken hanging areas of two poultry processing plants in North Carolina. Workers at both plants hang approximately 8,300 birds per h on a moving conveyor located in an enclosed area; those at plant A with negligible exhaust ventilation and those at plant B with an air scrubbing exhaust system. Sampling at 1.0 CFM with a six stage Andersen microbial impactor, plant A showed mean CFU in excess of 5.6 x 10('5)/m('3) for total respirable bacteria and 1.9 x 10('5)/m('3) for bacteria 4.7 (mu)m and below. Plant B had values in excess of 5.0 x 10('5)/m('3) and 1.2 x 10('5)/m('3), respectively. Organisms were primarily gram-positive, predominantly Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium. Total respirable coliforms were 9.1 x 10('3)/m('3) for plant A, and 4.9 x 10('2)/m('3) for plant B, while mean values for all gram-negative organisms were 1.4 x 10('4)/m('3) for plant A, and 7.7 x 10('3)/m('3) for plant B. Of all gram-negative organisms isolated and identified, Escherichia, Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Alcaligenes were dominant. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of 289 gram-negative organisms yielded high resistance to tetracycline (82.7%), streptomycin (72.7%), furazolidone (58.5%), and sulfathiazole (26.6%). Sampling at 12.5 L/min with the all-glass impinger, mean levels of free respirable endotoxin were 130 ng/m('3) for plant A and 70 ng/m('3) for plant B. Levels of fungi were 5.1 x 10('4)/m('3) for plant A and 1.3 x 10('4)/m('3) for plant B. Molds were primarily Cladosporium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Scopulariopsis. Predominant yeast groups were Cryptococcus/Rhodotorula, Torulopsis/Saccharomyces, and Candida. Assuming a 20 L/min breathing rate, the total inhaled microbial particle burden would be 6.0 x 10('6) per 8 h for plant A, and 5.0 x 10('6) per 8 h for plant B. Inhaled levels of free endotoxin would be 1.25 (mu)g per 8 h for A and 0.67 (mu)g per 8 h for B. Particle sizing indicates aerosolized organisms may reach every part of the lung. Worker exposure to airborn bacteria, yeasts, molds, endotoxins, and other pollutants indicates the potential for respiratory disease. The at-risk population of poultry workers exposed daily to high concentrations of biological aerosols throughout the industry exceeds 40,000. Other poultry processing plants should be inspected, and epidemiologic studies are indicated. Specifically, control measures should include adequate exhaust ventilation for plant A and a redesign of the existing system for plant B. Personal respiratory protection programs are recommended throughout the industry.
机译：在北卡罗来纳州的两家家禽加工厂的活鸡悬挂区中，对空气中的细菌，真菌和内毒素水平进行了定量。两家工厂的工人每小时在封闭区域内的移动传送带上悬挂约8300只禽鸟。工厂A的排气通风可忽略不计，工厂B的空气洗涤排气系统。用六级安徒生微生物撞击器以1.0 CFM采样，工厂A显示可吸入细菌总数的平均CFU超过5.6 x 10（'5）/ m（'3），而1.9 x 10（'5）/ m（'3） ）适用于4.7μm及以下的细菌。植物B的值分别超过5.0 x 10（'5）/ m（'3）和1.2 x 10（'5）/ m（'3）。有机体主要是革兰氏阳性，主要是微球菌，葡萄球菌和棒状杆菌。植物A的总可呼吸大肠菌群为9.1 x 10（'3）/ m（'3），植物B的总可呼吸菌群为4.9 x 10（'2）/ m（'3），而所有革兰氏阴性菌的平均值均为1.4对于植物A，x 10（'4）/ m（'3），对于植物B，7.7 x 10（'3）/ m（'3）。在分离和鉴定的所有革兰氏阴性生物中，大肠杆菌，柠檬酸杆菌，不动杆菌，假单胞菌和产碱菌占主导。对289克阴性生物的抗生素敏感性测试显示出对四环素（82.7％），链霉素（72.7％），呋喃唑酮（58.5％）和磺胺噻唑（26.6％）的高耐药性。用全玻璃撞击器以12.5 L / min的速度采样，植物A的游离可吸入内毒素的平均水平为130 ng / m（'3），植物B的平均水平为70 ng / m（'3）。真菌的水平为5.1 x植株A为10（'4）/ m（'3），植株B为1.3 x 10（'4）/ m（'3）。霉菌主要是枝孢菌，青霉菌，曲霉，链格孢属和鞘吸虫。酵母菌的主要种类是隐球菌/红球菌，托鲁普氏菌/酿酒酵母和念珠菌。假设呼吸速率为20 L / min，则对于工厂A，每8小时吸入的总微生物颗粒负荷为6.0 x 10（'6），对于工厂B，每8小时吸入总的微生物颗粒负荷为5.0 x 10（'6）。吸入的游离水平A的内毒素为每8小时1.25微克，B的内毒素为每8小时0.67微克。颗粒大小表明，气雾化的生物可能到达肺的每个部位。工人暴露于空气中的细菌，酵母，霉菌，内毒素和其他污染物，表明存在呼吸道疾病的潜在危险。在整个行业中，每天暴露于高浓度生物气溶胶的家禽工人的风险较高。应检查其他家禽加工厂，并指出流行病学研究。具体而言，控制措施应包括为工厂A提供足够的排气通风，并为工厂B重新设计现有系统。建议在整个行业中采用个人呼吸保护程序。

著录项

  • 作者

    COLE, EUGENE CHARLES.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;
  • 学科 Public health.
  • 学位 Dr.P.H.
  • 年度 1983
  • 页码 147 p.
  • 总页数 147
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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