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INTERNAL MIGRATION AND URBAN INEQUALITY: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE IRANIAN DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCE.

机译：内部迁移与城市不平等：对伊朗发展经验的经济学分析。

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摘要

Most explanations of the effects of economic development on inequality emphasize general structural features of the development process. Focusing on urban inequality as a critical component of overall inequality in the less developed countries, we argue that a specific factor, the flow of rural/urban migration, plays a potentially significant causal role. The direct effects of rural/urban migration on urban inequality have not been systematically studied in the literature. We argue that these effects depend critically on the cause of migration (i.e., rural push vs. urban pull), and on the socio-economic characteristics of the migrants. We hypothesize that urban inequality is increased when rural/urban migration is caused by rural push and reduced when it is caused by urban pull.;We then test these models with detailed disaggregated data from the Iranian development experience. Characterized by a land reform program and by capital-intensive industrialization policies, the Iranian case provides suitable ground to examine our hypotheses. This we do by means of a cross-sectional econometric analysis of 21 rural areas and 57 urban centers for the years 1966 and 1976.;Our findings generally support our hypotheses and confirm (a) the separate and significant impact of rural/urban migration on urban inequality and (b) the significance of distinguishing between the causes of migration and between the socio-economic origins of different migrant groups. In addition our findings underline the overall significance of rural push migration, and the associated increase in urban inequality, in the specific case of the Iranian development experience.;We formulate a model of migration capable of distinguishing between rural push and urban pull, and a model of urban inequality that takes into account the effects of migration as well as the effects of the overall industrialization process. In studying the effects of industrialization, as distinct from those of migration, on urban inequality, we distinguish among effects arising from the degree of capital intensity, market power, and aggregate concentration of capital. We hypothesize that increases in each tends to increase urban inequality.
机译：关于经济发展对不平等影响的大多数解释都强调了发展过程的一般结构特征。我们关注城市不平等是欠发达国家总体不平等的重要组成部分，我们认为，一个特定因素，即农村/城市移民的流动，可能起着重要的因果作用。文献中尚未系统地研究过农村/城市移民对城市不平等的直接影响。我们认为，这些影响在很大程度上取决于移民的原因（即农村推动与城市推动）以及移民的社会经济特征。我们假设当农村人口向农村迁移导致城市不平等时，农村不平等现象会加剧；而由于城市拉动引起的城市不平等现象则会减少。;然后，我们使用来自伊朗发展经验的详细分类数据对这些模型进行了检验。以土地改革计划和资本密集型工业化政策为特征的伊朗案例为研究我们的假设提供了合适的基础。我们通过对1966年和1976年的21个农村地区和57个城市中心进行横截面计量经济分析来完成此研究;我们的发现大体上支持我们的假设，并确认（a）农村/城市移民对移民的单独和重大影响城市不平等；（b）区分移民原因和不同移民群体的社会经济渊源的重要性。此外，在伊朗发展经验的特定案例中，我们的研究结果强调了乡村推动移民的总体意义以及相关的城市不平等加剧。我们建立了能够区分乡村推动与城市拉动的移民模型，并提出了一个模型。考虑到移民的影响以及整个工业化过程的影响的城市不平等模型。在研究与人口迁移不同的工业化对城市不平等的影响时，我们区分了资本密集程度，市场支配力和资本总集中程度所产生的影响。我们假设，每一种增加都会加剧城市不平等。

著录项

  • 作者

    MOHTADI, ABDOLHAMID.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Michigan.;

  • 授予单位 University of Michigan.;
  • 学科 Economics General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1982
  • 页码 210 p.
  • 总页数 210
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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