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首页> 外文学位 >A CRITICAL INVESTIGATION OF MAHATMA GANDHI'S PHILOSOPHY OF NON-VIOLENCE.
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A CRITICAL INVESTIGATION OF MAHATMA GANDHI'S PHILOSOPHY OF NON-VIOLENCE.

机译：对毛丹·甘地非暴力哲学的批判性考察。

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摘要

Gandhi claims that his political method operates by means of a supra-empirical force whose nature and mechanism he derives from a comprehensive metaphysics; non-violence operates at the level of spiritual identity accomplishing a moral transformation at the level of motives and intentions. Gandhi thus justifies radical empirical claims for the universal applicability and perfect practical efficacy of this non-empirical force. These absolute claims are investigated and evaluated.;Gandhi's arguments so applied are shown to generate serious confusions. His arguments against the justifiability of war and for satyagraha nullifying the ultima ratio criterion, are examined in detail. His ideology equates "violence" with "evil" and assigns ultimate value to "life"; "killing", violating foundational moral law and ultimate value, is ruled an ineligible means against injustice--necessarily generating evil in self-perpetuated escalating retaliation. No limit to non-violence is admitted. This is found to be an unwarranted position. A common sense analysis of the necessity and last resort criteria is offered defining a limiting case that on radical moral grounds would require use of violence.;It is concluded that the question of the justifiability of violence cannot be adequately investigated without examining Gandhi's denial of its very legitimacy as a moral question, and that as a contemporary political resource Gandhi's work may be accurately re-applied, modified, or rejected only after critical consideration of the metaphysical and spiritual moorings he claimed secure the force and viability of non-violence. A modified concept and political method consistent with Gandhi's metaphysical and spiritual premises is suggested.;Gandhi devised his methods of satyagraha, non-violent "exact conduct," as part of his "mission" against belief in the justifiability of violence arguing its moral invalidity and providing a "complete substitute" for violence to defeat the prima facie case of last resort and necessity. If nuclear conflict, as a limiting case of violence, restructures the justifiability debate, Gandhi's counter-claims for absolute non-violence again radically restructure that debate, and its study at present is a desideratum. It is found that Gandhi gives an important elaboration of the general commitment to non-violence but when superceding that commitment with an absolute imperative argues only ideologically.
机译：甘地声称，他的政治方法是通过一种超经验力量发挥作用的，他的性质和机制来自于全面的形而上学。非暴力在精神认同的层面上起作用，在动机和意图层面上实现道德上的转变。因此，甘地为这种非经验力量的普遍适用性和完美的实际功效证明了激进的经验主张。对这些绝对的主张进行了调查和评估。甘地的论点被证明会引起严重的混乱。他的论证反对战争的正当性，并主张废除终极比率标准。他的意识形态将“暴力”等同于“邪恶”，并将终极价值赋予“生命”。 “杀人”违反了基本的道德法则和最终价值，被裁定为反对不公正现象的不合格手段，这必然会在不断加剧的报复中制造邪恶。不限制非暴力行为。发现这是不必要的位置。提供了必要性和不得已采取的标准的常识分析，定义了一个限制案例，该案例基于激进的道德理由将要求使用暴力。得出的结论是，在不审查甘地否认暴力的合理性的情况下，无法对暴力的合理性问题进行充分的调查。作为道德问题非常合法，并且作为当代政治资源，甘地的作品只有在认真考虑了形而上学和精神上的系泊设备之后，才可以正确地重新应用，修改或拒绝，他声称可以确保非暴力的力量和生存力。建议修改后的概念和政治方法，以符合甘地的形而上学和精神前提。；甘地设计了他的“饱腹感”（satyagraha）方法，即非暴力的“确切行为”，作为他“使命”的一部分，反对认为暴力的正当性是道德无效的信念并提供暴力的“完全替代品”，以打败表面上看来是不得已而为之的案件。如果核冲突作为暴力的一个极端案例重新安排了正当性辩论，那么甘地关于绝对非暴力的反诉又从根本上重新组织了这场辩论，而目前对它的研究已成为绝望。人们发现，甘地对非暴力的一般承诺做出了重要阐述，但是当以绝对命令取代这一承诺时，它只是在意识形态上争论不休。

著录项

  • 作者

    BORMAN, WILLIAM ALAN.;

  • 作者单位

    City University of New York.;

  • 授予单位 City University of New York.;
  • 学科 Philosophy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1982
  • 页码 296 p.
  • 总页数 296
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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