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首页> 外文学位 >THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL SECURITY TO THE ADEQUACY OF INCOME OF ELDERLY CHICANOS.
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THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIAL SECURITY TO THE ADEQUACY OF INCOME OF ELDERLY CHICANOS.

机译：社会保障对老年人奇卡诺斯收入适度的贡献。

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摘要

The purpose of this study was to identify those variables which have contributed to the economic status of elderly Chicanos and to weigh their relative contribution to that status. Of particular interest was the contribution of the social security old age social insurance program to that economic status. In addition, this study intended to determine the future economic status of Chicanos in a pre-retirement cohort (ages 45-64), taking into consideration changes in education, labor force participation, social security regulations and other variables.;Variables were selected in relation to their contribution to the purpose of this study, and cross-tabular statistical manipulations were performed while controlling for ethnicity/race, age, and gender, among other variables. In addition, an analysis of covariance was performed to predict the total sum of quarters of social security covered employment for the pre-retirement male cohort.;Over one-fourth of Chicano males (and an equal proportion of black males) in the older cohort were found to be receiving no social security benefits, compared to only 7 percent of white males in the same age cohort. The majority of these elderly Chicano males did not receive social security benefits simply because they were uninsured due to lack of sufficient quarters of social security covered employment. This was primarily due to participation in farmwork prior to its incorporation into social security covered employment in the 1950's. Neither extensive earnings beyond the annual earnings test nor government employee pension status had major impact on any elderly Chicanos not receiving social security benefits. However, there was a small number of elderly Chicano males in the sample who were not receiving social security benefits and for whom reasons for nonreceipt of benefits were not able to be discerned from the data. In addition to standing out in terms of nonreceipt of social security benefits, elderly Chicano males fell substantially below whites in terms of social security benefit levels.;The study found that one-half of Chicana women in the older cohort were not social security insured, compared to two-fifths of white women and one-third of black women in the same age cohort. In terms of benefit levels, Chicanas were receiving benefits which were substantially below whites, but only slightly above black women. It appears that culture, large families and lack of education and skills played important parts in this phenomenon.;A sample of 1996 cases of Chicano, white and black men and women in two age groups (ages 45-64 and ages 65 and over) were randomly selected from the CPS-Administrative Record Exact Match File, while controlling for geographic divisions which included the five Southwestern states in which over 85 percent of all Chicanos live. This file is the product of a linkage of information from the 1973 Current Population Survey, the Social Security Administration, and the Internal Revenue Service.;In the analysis of covariance performed to determine predictors of total sum of quarters at retirement, it was found that education, farm/nonfarm employment status, and income were the major predictors. Because of the status of Chicanos in the pre-retirement cohort in relation to these variables, it is concluded that they will continue to trail their white counterparts, but continue to fall slightly ahead of blacks, in terms of accumulated quarters of covered employment at time of retirement. If the relationship between average monthly earnings and sum of quarters is correct, then Chicanos will not only have lower sums of quarters than whites, but their AME's, upon which their retirement benefits will be based, will be lower.
机译：这项研究的目的是确定那些有助于老年人奇卡诺斯经济状况的变量，并权衡它们对这一状况的相对影响。特别令人感兴趣的是社会保障老年社会保险计划对该经济地位的贡献。此外，本研究旨在确定退休前队列（45-64岁）中奇卡诺斯人的未来经济状况，并考虑到教育，劳动力参与，社会保障法规和其他变量的变化。与他们对本研究目的的贡献之间的关系，并在控制种族/种族，年龄和性别等变量的同时，进行了跨表统计操作。此外，还进行了协方差分析，以预测退休前男性队列所涵盖的社保覆盖的总季度数；在年龄较大的队列中，超过四分之一的奇卡诺男性（和比例相等的黑人男性）被发现没有任何社会保障福利，而同一年龄段的白人男性只有7％。这些奇卡诺老人男性中的大多数人没有获得社会保障福利，仅仅是因为他们缺乏足够的四分之一的社会保障覆盖了就业机会而没有投保。这主要是由于在1950年代将其纳入社会保障涵盖的就业机会之前参与了农业工作。超出年度收入测试范围的大量收入或政府雇员的退休金状况都不会对任何未获得社会保障福利的年纪大的Chicanos产生重大影响。但是，样本中有少量的奇卡诺老年人男性没有领取社会保障福利，因此无法从数据中识别出未领取福利的原因。除了在未领取社会保障福利方面脱颖而出外，年长的Chicano男性在社会保障福利水平上也大大低于白人。该研究发现，年龄较大的队列中有一半的Chicana妇女没有社会保障，相比之下，同一年龄段的白人女性只有五分之二，黑人女性只有三分之一。就福利水平而言，中国人获得的福利大大低于白人，但仅略高于黑人妇女。似乎文化，大家庭，缺乏教育和技能是造成这一现象的重要原因。； 1996年在两个年龄段（45-64岁和65岁及以上）的奇卡诺，白人和黑人男女中进行的抽样调查是从CPS-行政记录精确匹配文件中随机选择的，同时控制地域划分，其中包括西南五个州，其中超过85％的奇卡诺斯生活在该州。该文件是1973年《当前人口调查》，社会保障局和美国国税局的信息链接的产物。在对协方差进行分析以确定退休总季度总数的预测因子时，发现教育程度，农场/非农就业状况以及收入是主要的预测指标。由于Chicanos在退休前队列中与这些变量相关的地位，因此得出结论，就当时累积的受雇就业季度而言，他们将继续落后于白人，但仍将略低于黑人。退休。如果平均月收入与季度总和之间的关系正确，那么Chicanos不仅将拥有比白人低的季度总和，而且其退休金所基于的AME也将更低。

著录项

  • 作者

    GARCIA, ALEJANDRO.;

  • 作者单位

    Brandeis University, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management.;

  • 授予单位 Brandeis University, The Heller School for Social Policy and Management.;
  • 学科 Public policy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1980
  • 页码 402 p.
  • 总页数 402
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 生物医学工程;
  • 关键词

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