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首页> 外文学位 >EFFECTS OF PLANT WATER STRESS ON THE RESPONSE OF VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI), WILD MUSTARD (BRASSICA KABER) AND COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS (CHENOPODIUM ALBUM) TO FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF 2,4-D AND DICAMBA
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EFFECTS OF PLANT WATER STRESS ON THE RESPONSE OF VELVETLEAF (ABUTILON THEOPHRASTI), WILD MUSTARD (BRASSICA KABER) AND COMMON LAMBSQUARTERS (CHENOPODIUM ALBUM) TO FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF 2,4-D AND DICAMBA

机译：植物水分胁迫对天鹅绒，芥菜（芥菜）和普通羔羊（藜）对2,4-D和DICAMBAB的叶面施用响应的影响

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摘要

Studies were conducted to determine the effect of increased plant water stress on the response of weeds to foliar applications of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) and dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid). Plant water stress was estimated by measuring xylem water potentials of whole plants using a pressure chamber. Three weed species were used: velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), wild mustard (Brassica kaber (D.C.) L.C. Wheeler var pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler) and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.). Shoot dry weight reductions were used as an indication of plant response to 2,4-D and dicamba.;In studies examining the effect of water stress at the time of herbicide treatment, water stress was induced by withholding water 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 days before herbicide treatment. Differences in plant response to the herbicides could not be detected between nonstressed and stressed plants.;Long-term water stress was induced by allowing the soil moisture to decrease from 36 to 27, 18 and 12% one week before herbicide treatment and by maintaining these levels for one week after herbicide treatment. Average xylem water potentials for 36, 27, 18 and 12% soil moisture levels were -2.9, -5.7, -10.5 and -14.9 bars, respectively. Wild mustard with xylem water potentials of -5.7, -10.5 and -14.9 bars exhibited a reduction in response to 2,4-D. The response of common lambsquarters with xylem water potentials of -10.5 and -14.9 bars to 2,4-D was less than at the lower xylem water potentials of -2.9 and -5.7 bars. In contrast, only the severely stressed (-14.9 bars) velvetleaf exhibited a reduction in response to 2,4-D.;Plant water stress levels of -10.5 and -14.9 bars reduced the response of velvetleaf and common lambsquarters to dicamba, while a plant water stress of -14.9 bars reduced the response of wild mustard to dicamba.;Long-term water stress reduced herbicide spray retention of velvetleaf and wild mustard when the level of water stress was severe (-14.9 bars) enough to cause leaf wilting. Spray retention of common lambsquarters was greatly affected by the water status of the plant and was reduced at all levels of water stress.;Plant water stress decreased the absorption of both 2,4-D-('14)C and dicamba-('14)C by velvetleaf, wild mustard and common lambsquarters. Plant water stress of -5.7 bars reduced 2,4-D-('14)C absorption by velvetleaf and additional increases in plant water stress did not further reduce absorption of 2,4-D. With wild mustard and common lambsquarters, as plant water stress progressively increased absorption of 2,4-D-('14)C decreased. Similarly, plant water stress reduced the absorption of dicamba-('14)C by velvetleaf, wild mustard and common lambsquarters.;Generally, wilted plants translocated less 2,4-D-('14)C and dicamba-('14)C than non wilted plants. As the degree of plant water stress increased, the percentage of 2,4-D and dicamba translocated to untreated leaves decreased, while the percentage of herbicide translocated to the stem increased.;Plant water stress did not affect the percentage of free 2,4-D-('14)C in plants. Similarly, plant water stress, did not affect the percentage of free dicamba-('14)C in wild mustard and common lambsquarters. However, plant water stress increased the percentage of free dicamba in velvetleaf.
机译：进行了研究以确定植物水分胁迫对杂草对2，4-D（2，4-二氯苯氧基乙酸）和麦草畏（3，6-二氯-邻茴香酸）的叶面施用响应的影响。通过使用压力室测量整个植物的木质部水势来估算植物的水分胁迫。使用了三种杂草物种：绒毛草（Abutilon theophrasti Medic。），野芥菜（Brassica kaber（DC。）L.C. Wheeler var pinnatifida（Stokes）L.C. Wheeler）和普通的羊腿（Chenopodium album L.）。茎干减重被用作指示植物对2,4-D和麦草畏的响应。在研究除草剂处理时水分胁迫的影响的研究中，水分胁迫是通过保留水分0、1、2来诱导的除草剂处理前3天和4天。在未胁迫和胁迫的植物之间无法检测到植物对除草剂的反应差异。通过在除草剂处理前一周让土壤水分从36％降至27％，18％和12％并保持这些水分，从而引起长期水分胁迫除草剂处理后一周的水平。 36％，27％，18％和12％的土壤水分水平的木质部平均水势分别为-2.9，-5.7，-10.5和-14.9 bar。木质部水势为-5.7，-10.5和-14.9 bar的野芥菜表现出对2,4-D的响应降低。木质部水势为-10.5和-14.9 bar的普通小羊对2,4-D的响应小于木质部水势为-2.9和-5.7 bar的较低。相比之下，只有重度胁迫（-14.9 bar）的绒毛表现出对2,4-D的响应降低;植物水分胁迫水平-10.5和-14.9 bar降低了绒毛和常见的羊腿对麦草畏的响应，而-14.9 bar的植物水分胁迫降低了野芥菜对麦草畏的响应。长期水分胁迫降低了严重的水分胁迫水平（-14.9 bar）足以引起叶片萎的绒毛和野芥菜除草剂喷雾滞留。普通小羊的喷雾滞留受植物水分状况的影响很大，并且在所有水分胁迫水平下均降低。植物水分胁迫降低了2,4-D-（'14）C和麦草畏-（' 14）由绒毛，野芥末和普通羊羔制成。 -5.7 bar的植物水分胁迫降低了绒毛对2,4-D-（'14）C的吸收，另外植物水分胁迫的增加并未进一步降低2,4-D的吸收。对于野生芥末和普通羊羔，随着植物水分胁迫逐渐增加，对2,4-D-（'14）C的吸收减少。同样，植物水分胁迫减少了绒毛，野生芥末和普通羊羔对麦草畏（'14）C的吸收。通常，枯萎的植物转移的2,4-D-（'14）C和麦草畏-（'14）较少C比不枯萎的植物。随着植物水分胁迫程度的增加，2,4-D和麦草畏向未处理叶片的转运比例降低，而除草剂向茎部转运的百分比有所提高。;植物水分胁迫并未影响游离2,4的百分比。 -D-（'14）C在植物中。同样，植物水分胁迫也不会影响野生芥末和普通羊腿中游离麦草畏-（'14）C的百分比。然而，植物水分胁迫增加了绒毛中游离麦草畏的百分比。

著录项

  • 作者

    HOTZMAN, FREDERICK WILLIAM.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Minnesota.;

  • 授予单位 University of Minnesota.;
  • 学科 Agronomy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1980
  • 页码 89 p.
  • 总页数 89
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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