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SOYBEANS AS AN INDICATOR OF THE PROGRESS OF SOUTHERN AGRICULTURE SINCE THE SECOND WORLD WAR.

机译：大豆是第二次世界大战以来南方农业发展的指示器。

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摘要

The purpose of the dissertation is to examine the development of southern agriculture since the Second World War. This was done in light of Marx's conception of the concentration and centralization of capital. There are five specific hypotheses. Southern agriculture was and is involved primarily in the production of commodities, and during the period from 1945 to 1974, underwent a concentration and centralization of capital. This means that there became fewer, larger capitals in the southern agricultural sector. Soybeans, a crop highly adaptable to modern agricultural technology, were an indicator of the motion toward concentration and centralization. Finally, the development of southern agriculture proceeded more rapidly in the South than in the remainder of the United States.;The primary method of analysis was the disaggregation by size class of data on physical, human and output characteristics of farms. Data for the South, the rest of the United States, and selected soybean producing counties, was compared. Due to the nonavailability of detailed data disaggregated by size class, indirect methods of analysis were employed. The year 1964 was selected for the analysis of farms by size class. Other data by size class was selected to show the trends of concentration and centralization between 1945 and 1969. Finally, general, aggregate data was used for the detailed time-series analysis of 1945 to 1974.;Analysis showed that although land ownership was less concentrated in the hands of the largest farmers in the South than in the remainder of the United States, almost every other measure of capital was more concentrated. The measures include the value of land and buildings, equipment used on the farm, fertilizer, lime, etc. Both numbers of hired workers and expenditures on farm labor were far more concentrated in the South than in the remainder of the United States. They became more concentrated over the period of the study. Output data also showed a high degree of concentration in production.;Soybean production served well as an indicator of the changes southern agriculture underwent in this period. Surprisingly, land ownership became less concentrated in the soybean producing counties over the period of the study. In this case, soy production was a poor indicator of southern trends. In almost every other area of study, however, soy production showed a greater tendency toward concentration than the South, while the South developed more rapidly than the remainder of the country.;The importance of the topic lies in the fact that as capital concentrates and develops, it creates its opposite: a working class. This process, which has been rapidly occurring in the South as a whole since World War II, has not been analyzed with respect to the agricultural sector. The majority of the literature on southern agriculture that examines concentration of production at all, does so in terms of the continued dominance of the family farm or in terms of concentration by volume of sales. The dissertation examines the development of southern agriculture in terms of the concentration of production in the hands of a small number of large farms, at the expense of small farms.;The major conclusion of the study is that capital concentrated and centralized in southern agriculture faster than in the remainder of the United States between 1945 and 1974. This is in accordance with the development of the capitalist mode of production, as outlined by Marx.
机译：本文的目的是考察第二次世界大战以来南方农业的发展。这是根据马克思关于资本集中和集中的概念完成的。有五个特定的假设。南部农业曾经并且曾经主要参与商品生产，并且在1945年至1974年期间经历了资本的集中和集中化。这意味着南部农业部门的首都更少了。大豆是高度适应现代农业技术的一种作物，是集中和集中化运动的指标。最后，南部农业的发展在南部比美国其他地区发展更快。;主要的分析方法是按规模分类对农场的自然，人类和产出特征进行分类。比较了美国南部，美国其他地区以及部分大豆生产县的数据。由于无法获得按尺寸类别分类的详细数据，因此采用了间接分析方法。 1964年被选为按规模分类的农场分析。选择了其他按规模分类的数据，以显示1945年至1969年之间的集中度和集中度趋势。最后，总的来说，汇总数据用于1945年至1974年的详细时间序列分析。分析表明，尽管土地所有权集中度较低在南方最大的农民手中，与在美国其他地区相比，几乎所有其他形式的资本都更加集中。这些措施包括土地和建筑物的价值，农场使用的设备，肥料，石灰等。雇佣工人的数量和农场劳动的支出都比美国其他地区集中在南方。在研究期间，他们变得更加集中。产量数据也显示出高度的集中度。大豆产量很好地表明了这一时期南部农业的变化。令人惊讶的是，在研究期间，土地所有权变得不太集中在大豆生产县。在这种情况下，大豆产量不足以表明南方趋势。然而，在几乎所有其他研究领域中，大豆生产都显示出比南部更高的集中趋势，而南部地区的发展速度要比该国其他地区更快。发展，就会产生相反的结果：工人阶级。自第二次世界大战以来，整个南方一直在迅速发生这一过程，但尚未就农业部门进行过分析。关于南方农业的大多数文献都从根本上考察了生产集中度，而这些研究都是根据家庭农场的持续主导地位或按销售量的集中度来进行的。本文从少量大型农场的生产集中在少数大型农场手中来考察南方农业的发展。研究的主要结论是，资本在南部农业中的集中和集中化速度更快。比1945年至1974年美国其他地区要多。这与马克思概述的资本主义生产方式的发展是一致的。

著录项

  • 作者

    PARRY, BRUCE E.;

  • 作者单位

    American University.;

  • 授予单位 American University.;
  • 学科 Agricultural economics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1980
  • 页码 217 p.
  • 总页数 217
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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