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首页> 外文学位 >STUDY OF CURRENT MATURITY INDICES IN RELATION TO THE POSITION OF 'RED DELICIOUS' APPLES ON THE TREE.
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STUDY OF CURRENT MATURITY INDICES IN RELATION TO THE POSITION OF 'RED DELICIOUS' APPLES ON THE TREE.

机译：关于树上“红色美味”苹果的位置的当前成熟度指数的研究。

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摘要

The post-harvest life of apples is directly related to the physiological age at harvest. Present criteria for determining time to harvest such as calendar date, days after full bloom, degree-day accumulation, firmness of flesh, the percentage of ground or red color of the skin, the percentage of soluble solids, starch test, pH, and acidity are often conflicting and not satisfactory for determining physiological stages (maturity and ripening) of apples. The fact that a burst of ethylene (C(,2)H(,4)) in climacteric fruits presages ripening under natural conditions makes detection of this burst of C(,2)H(,4) an excellent indicator for the meaurement of physiological maturity.;In another study, fruits from ten 8-year-old modified central leader 'Starkcrimson' trees were analyzed during 10 sequential harvests from September 26 through October 27. Approximately 50 apples were picked from selected branches on one tree at each harvest date. Before harvest, the position of each apple on each tree was identified. Internal C(,2)H(,4), internal CO(,2), firmness, soluble solids, pH, and titratable acidity for each apple were determined 12 hours after harvest. After low pressure extraction under de-gassed distilled water the internal C(,2)H(,4) concentration revealed increases over 3500-fold during ripening. Apples located next to the bud scale scars are physiologically older than other apples on the same age wood and branch analyzed at the same time, as determined by the higher internal C(,2)H(,4) concentration, except the terminal fruit on the youngest bearing wood. Twin apples picked from the same fruiting spur did not necessarily have the same physiological age; the heavier fruit was physiologically older, as determined by the internal C(,2)H(,4) concentration, than the lighter fruit.;When compared to other criteria for determining time to harvest, measurement of internal C(,2)H(,4) concentration is the best maturity index in this study. As a result, two improved sampling techniques are suggested for future apple studies. By picking apples at the basal position next to the bud scale scar, an early detectable internal C(,2)H(,4) of the fruit may give the best prediction for the proper harvest date of the analyzed trees. By picking apples in the medial position of the same age wood, more uniform fruit samples can be obtained because the within-tree variation is minimized.;Using the C(,2)H(,4) burst as an indicator of physiological maturity, a study was undertaken to determine the differences of physiological age of apples located on different portions of three 'Wellspur' trees. Each tree was separated into four portions: high outer portion, high inner portion, low outer portion, and low inner portion. Variation of accumulated C(,2)H(,4) production due to different locations of fruit on the tree was similar to that of fruits from adjacent trees and smaller than variation between harvest dates as ripening progressed.
机译：苹果的收获后寿命与收获时的生理年龄直接相关。当前确定收获时间的标准，例如历法日期，盛开后的天数，度日累积量，果肉的硬度，皮肤的底色或红色百分比，可溶性固形物百分比，淀粉测试，pH值和酸度在确定苹果的生理阶段（成熟度和成熟度）时经常会发生冲突且不令人满意。更年期水果中的乙烯（C（，2）H（，4））爆裂预示着在自然条件下成熟的事实，使得检测到这种C（，2）H（，4）爆裂的检测成为衡量果蝇的绝佳指标。在另一项研究中，从9月26日至10月27日的10次连续收获过程中，分析了来自10棵8岁的改良中央领导'Starkcrimson'树的果实。每次收获时，从一棵树的选定树枝上摘取了大约50个苹果。日期。收获前，确定每个苹果在每棵树上的位置。收获后12小时确定每个苹果的内部C（，2）H（，4），内部CO（，2），硬度，可溶性固形物，pH和可滴定酸度。在脱气的蒸馏水中进行低压萃取后，内部的C（，2）H（，4）浓度显示在熟化过程中增加了3500倍以上。位于苹果花蕾上的苹果在生理学上要比同一年龄的木材和树枝上同时进行分析的其他苹果的生理年龄要长，这取决于较高的内部C（，2）H（，4）浓度，但末端果实除外。最小的木料。从同一果实中提取的双胞胎不一定具有相同的生理年龄。根据内部C（，2）H（，4）的浓度确定，较重的果实在生理上要比较轻的果实更早;与其他确定收获时间的标准相比，内部C（，2）H的测量（，4）浓度是这项研究中最好的成熟度指标。结果，为将来的苹果研究建议了两种改进的采样技术。通过在芽鳞鳞疤旁边的基部位置采摘苹果，果实的早期可检测内部C（，2）H（，4）可以为分析树木的适当收获日期提供最佳预测。通过在相同年龄木材的中间位置采摘苹果，由于树内差异最小，可以获得更均匀的水果样品。使用C（，2）H（，4）爆发作为生理成熟度的指标，进行了一项研究，以确定位于“ Wellspur”三棵树不同部位的苹果的生理年龄差异。每棵树被分成四个部分：高外部，高内部，低外部和低内部。由于果实在树上的不同位置而导致的累积C（，2）H（，4）产量的变化与相邻树木的果实相似，并且随着成熟的进行而小于收获日期之间的变化。

著录项

  • 作者

    CHU, CHUN-LUNG.;

  • 作者单位

    Washington State University.;

  • 授予单位 Washington State University.;
  • 学科 Biology Plant Physiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1980
  • 页码 67 p.
  • 总页数 67
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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