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An Arab bank for development: Arguments for the establishment of an Arab bank for development

机译：阿拉伯发展银行：成立阿拉伯发展银行的争论

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摘要

This work comprises five chapters. The aim of the first chapter, the resources of the Arab World, is to introduce the region to the reader. The economic and social needs of the population can be perceived through the levels of education, public health and unemployment. These problems are exacerbated by a high growth rate and a geographical mis-distribution of the population. In the second part of the chapter we consider the existing mineral resources that have to be used to satisfy the above requirements. These resources are manifold but we shall focus our attention on crude oil and, more precisely, on the structural and conjunctural economic and non-economic causes that led to the quadrupling of oil prices during the last Quarter of 1973 and early 1974. This phenomenon will be referred to as the "oil crisis''. These causes will be at play for several years to come. Consequently, Arab countries, at least until oil runs out, are assured of a steady flow of revenues. The logical question is, what are Arab countries doing with theire oil revenues. However, given the current international financial, economic and trade setting, Arab countries' ways of using their resources are closely related to the question of how oil-importing countries are paying for their oil bills. This problem is treated in the second chapter. The reshuffling of Arab dollar's through international official and private financial institutions is considered in the third chapter. Amongst the official institutions we single out the case of The International monetary Fund. Arab investmente in real assets are also dealt with at this stage. The conclusion to be drawn from this chapter is that Arab oil revenues have been mainly channeled to the major O.E.C.D. countries (United States, Japan, West Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and France). The working of these channels is treated in the fourth chapter. As for the Arab countries themselves, their case is treated in the fifth chapter. In the Arab World the present realities can be summed up as follows: On top of their geographical unity, individual Arab countries are characterized by a common history, language and religion. However, this is not enough in our current world. Nonetheless, these common features could play a strengthening role if Arab countries were to bank on their complementarities in the fields of agriculture, industry, labour force, markets and capital. In the past these economic and non-economic advantages have not been fully exploited. The reason put forward has always been that Arab countries lacked capital that is essential to any economic achievement. Now they have it. Finally, one should mention that there ventures that no single Arab county can undertake by its own means; especially Research and Development if it has to lead to a technology more suitable to domestic economic and social conditions. To fulfil this purpose we suggest the establishment of an Arab Bank for Development. This institution has to be specifically designed for the Arab World and include poor and rich countries alike. Of course we do not suggest just another bank because we have stated that there are already too many. Our specific suggestion is to merge the existing funds and banks whose aim is to promote development within and between Arab countries. If this merging proves to be impossible our second best proposal would be to restructure the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (A.F.E.S.D.) more in line with the region's needs and financial abilities. The second proposal is loss efficient because its working will be impeded by the existence of the funds and banks which have not been merged into the Arab Aid Fund. This Arab Bank for Development should have more than the classical functions normally known to regional development banks and should have to pool existing Arab banking and investment expertise as well as tap other sources of capital. The impact and contribution of the bank we have in mind world be greatly enhanced if the Arab World had at its disposal an "inward-looking" financial market and a single Arab currency. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).
机译：这项工作包括五个章节。第一章的目的是阿拉伯世界的资源，目的是向读者介绍该地区。可以通过教育，公共卫生和失业水平来感知人口的经济和社会需求。高增长速度和人口地理分布不均加剧了这些问题。在本章的第二部分中，我们考虑了必须用于满足上述要求的现有矿产资源。这些资源是多种多样的，但我们将注意力集中在原油上，更确切地说，将注意力集中在导致油价在1973年最后一个季度和1974年初翻两番的结构性和合谋性经济和非经济原因。这些原因将在未来数年内发挥作用，因此，至少在石油用尽之前，阿拉伯国家才能获得稳定的收入流。是阿拉伯国家的石油收入来源，但是，鉴于当前的国际金融，经济和贸易环境，阿拉伯国家使用资源的方式与石油进口国如何支付石油账单的问题密切相关。在第二章中讨论了这个问题，在第三章中讨论了通过国际官方和私人金融机构对阿拉伯元进行的改组。国际货币基金组织的情况。在这一阶段，还处理阿拉伯对有形资产的投资。从本章得出的结论是，阿拉伯石油收入已主要用于主要的O.E.C.D。国家（美国，日本，西德，英国，意大利和法国）。这些通道的工作方式将在第四章中介绍。至于阿拉伯国家本身，其情况将在第五章中处理。在阿拉伯世界，当前现实可以总结如下：阿拉伯国家除具有地理统一性外，还具有共同的历史，语言和宗教。但是，这在我们当前的世界中还不够。但是，如果阿拉伯国家在农业，工业，劳动力，市场和资本领域互补，可以发挥这些共同特征。过去，这些经济和非经济优势尚未得到充分利用。一直以来提出的理由是，阿拉伯国家缺乏资本，这对任何经济成就都是必不可少的。现在他们有了它。最后，应该提到的是，没有任何一个阿拉伯县能够通过自己的手段进行冒险。如果研发必须导致一项更适合本国经济和社会条件的技术，则尤其如此。为了实现这一目的，我们建议建立阿拉伯发展银行。该机构必须专门为阿拉伯世界而设计，并包括穷国和富国。当然，我们不建议只开另一家银行，因为我们已经说已经太多了。我们的具体建议是合并现有基金和银行，其目的是促进阿拉伯国家内部和国家之间的发展。如果这种合并被证明是不可能的，那么我们的第二个最佳建议是重组阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金（A.F.E.S.D.），使其更符合该地区的需求和财务能力。第二项建议是损失有效的，因为其工作将受到尚未合并到阿拉伯援助基金中的基金和银行的存在的阻碍。该阿拉伯开发银行应具有的功能不仅仅局限于区域开发银行通常所熟知的传统功能，还应汇集现有的阿拉伯银行和投资专业知识，并利用其他资本来源。如果阿拉伯世界拥有“内向型”金融市场和单一阿拉伯货币，那么我们在世界上所拥有的银行的影响和贡献将大大提高。 （摘要由ProQuest缩短。）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Guecioueur, Adda.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Glasgow (United Kingdom).;

  • 授予单位 University of Glasgow (United Kingdom).;
  • 学科 Banking.;Middle Eastern studies.;Economics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1978
  • 页码 315 p.
  • 总页数 315
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 海洋工程;
  • 关键词

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