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System safety as an emergent property in composite systems.

机译：系统安全是复合系统中的紧急属性。

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Correctly specifying requirements for composite systems is essential to system safety. In a distributed development environment, safety requirements must be clearly defined for subsystems. Unfortunately, decomposing non-functional requirements, also known as goals, is not always straightforward. Quantifiable goals, such as cost or performance, may be decomposed by allocating a fixed limit on each component. However, system safety is usually not expressible as a sum of parts. Rather, it is considered to be emergent.;This thesis defines emergent and composable behaviors in the context of formally specified goals, and identifies useful special cases in which emergent system goals may be partially composable. Indirect Control Path Analysis (ICPA) is introduced as a new technique for identifying and documenting safety goals for components, using control flow and goal coverage strategies to guide goal elaboration.;ICPA was applied to a semi-autonomous automotive system from a commercial automotive research laboratory and the goals and subgoals were monitored at run-time in a partial implementation of the vehicle in a simulation environment. Violations of both the goals and subgoals identified several critical design defects in the incomplete implementation. In some situations, false positive detection at the subsystem level identified problems in the subsystems that were masked by redundant goal coverage. False negative detection at the subsystem level in some of the scenarios suggests the set of subsystem safety goals only partially composes the system-level behavior. The results demonstrate proof of concept of the ICPA technique for defining system safety subgoals in a real system.
机译：正确指定复合系统的要求对于系统安全至关重要。在分布式开发环境中，必须明确定义子系统的安全要求。不幸的是，分解非功能性需求（也称为目标）并不总是那么简单。通过为每个组件分配固定的限制，可以分解可量化的目标，例如成本或性能。但是，系统安全性通常不能表示为各个部分的总和。相反，它被认为是紧急事件。本论文在正式指定的目标的上下文中定义了紧急事件和可组合行为，并确定了在某些特殊情况下紧急情况系统目标可能是可组合的。引入间接控制路径分析（ICPA）作为一种用于识别和记录零部件安全目标的新技术，它使用控制流和目标覆盖策略来指导目标的详细阐述。; ICPA被应用于来自商用汽车研究的半自动汽车系统在模拟环境中对车辆进行部分实施时，会在运行时对实验室以及目标和子目标进行监控。违反目标和子目标的情况在未完成的实施中确定了几个关键的设计缺陷。在某些情况下，子系统级别的误报检测可确定子系统中被冗余目标覆盖掩盖的问题。在某些情况下，子系统级别的错误否定检测表明子系统安全目标集仅部分构成了系统级别的行为。结果证明了在实际系统中定义系统安全子目标的ICPA技术的概念证明。

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