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An Investigation of Liability and the Oil Tanker Market.

机译：责任调查和油轮市场。

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摘要

This dissertation consists of three essays on two separate but related topics pertaining to oil tankers. The first two essays focus on how the threat of liability for oil spills effects the organizational decisions of oil companies, while the third explores the drivers of oil tanker ownership across countries. The first essay presents a theoretical model of an oil company's decision to use its own tanker to transport its oil, as opposed to contracting with a shipping company. The model was motivated by the fact that the current theoretical models of liability in the economic literature omit many of the important elements of the liability regime for oil spills. Several testable predictions are derived from the model. The second essay empirically tests two of the predictions of the theoretical model by using data on US port-calls by oil tankers and exploiting the variation in oil spill liability laws across US states. The results of these empirical tests suggest that tankers owned by major oil companies are more likely than other tankers to call on ports that extend liability for oil spills from the owners of the tankers to the owners of the cargo, as predicted by the theoretical model. This empirical finding contributes to the economic literature on liability by providing evidence that the imposition of extended liability can cause large firms to undertake potentially hazardous activities internally, where they can, in principle, directly control the level of preventative care.;The third essay provides an analysis of the ownership structure of the international tanker fleet and how it has changed since the passage of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990. The empirical findings of the third essay suggest that the drivers of tanker ownership at the national level are strongly influenced by the government's role in the sector.
机译：本文由三篇论文组成，分别涉及与油轮有关的两个独立但相关的主题。前两篇文章集中于对溢油的责任威胁如何影响石油公司的组织决策，而第三篇文章探讨了各国油轮所有权的驱动力。第一篇文章介绍了石油公司决定使用自己的油轮来运输其石油而不是与船公司签约的理论模型。该模型的动机是这样的事实，即经济文献中当前的赔偿责任理论模型忽略了漏油赔偿责任制度的许多重要内容。从模型中得出了一些可检验的预测。第二篇文章通过使用油轮在美国港口停靠的数据并利用美国各州漏油赔偿责任法的变化，对理论模型的两个预测进行了经验检验。这些经验测试的结果表明，如理论模型所预测的那样，大型石油公司拥有的油轮比其他油轮更有可能要求港口将溢油责任从油轮的所有人扩展到货物的所有人。这一经验发现通过提供证据表明强加了责任范围可以导致大公司在内部进行潜在的危险活动，从理论上讲，它们可以直接控制预防保健的水平，从而为有关责任的经济学文献作出了贡献。对国际油轮船队的所有权结构及其自1990年《油污法》通过以来的变化进行了分析。第三篇论文的实证研究结果表明，国家一级的油轮所有权驱动因素受到了强烈的影响。政府在该行业中的作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wood, Albert L.;

  • 作者单位

    The George Washington University.;

  • 授予单位 The George Washington University.;
  • 学科 Economics.;Commerce-Business.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 140 p.
  • 总页数 140
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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