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Cognition and planning in paleolithic technology: Studies in experimental archaeology.

机译：古石技术的认知与计划：实验考古学。

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摘要

In this project, I use experimental archaeology and techniques from cognitive science to identify the cognitive resources involved in stoneknapping and map them onto it. This analysis provides several novel hypotheses to explain the key cognitive transitions from early Oldowan to Acheulean technologies at ~1.8 million years ago.;Planning in lithic technology occurs at three levels: (1) integration into foraging, (2) design recipe, and (3) practical-problem solving. Each involves distinct cognitive resources. The appearance of Acheulean technology implicates changes at all three levels. This project focuses on the practical problem-solving level during stoneknapping.;First, I report on a protocol analysis of stoneknappers replicating Late Acheulean handaxes. Stoneknappers used means-end analysis, a planning heuristic often used by subjects solving cognitive psychology's Tower puzzle. Using this analogy I conclude that inhibition, task-switching, and hierarchical planning are involved in stoneknapping. Second, I shift focus to generative action planning resources that sequence actions during stoneknapping and language production. Using an observed Late Acheulean replication, I derive a formal grammar indicating that the ability to embed actions flexibly within a phrase-like structure is present in Late Acheulean technology. This analysis finds that working memory for action is integral to Late Acheulean technology. Third, I then support these results using an ALE meta-analysis past neuroimaging studies of stoneknapping in comparison with 447 neuroimaging studies. I find that (1) cognitive control is an essential ingredient for Acheulean replication, (2) verbal working memory is essential for both Oldowan and Acheulean replication, (3) generative action planning in stoneknapping and language (syntax) appear to be the analogous processes, and (5) dorsal attention plays a role in mediating the perception-action system. I conclude by focusing on this project's implications. First, it may be the case that Homo specialized in complex tasks and that this drove modern patterns of cerebral asymmetry. Second, the important role of working memory in both stoneknapping and language suggests that working memory of action is the resource shared by both behaviors and is the source of similar structural features in both. Thirds, the many levels of planning in lithic technology interact to structure it hierarchically.
机译：在这个项目中，我使用来自认知科学的实验考古学和技术来识别参与石刻活动的认知资源，并将其映射到其上。该分析提供了一些新颖的假设，以解释从180亿年前的Oldowan到Acheulean技术的关键认知转变。;石器技术的计划发生在三个层面：（1）整合到觅食中，（2）设计配方，以及（ 3）解决实际问题。每个都涉及不同的认知资源。 Acheulean技术的出现牵涉到所有三个层面的变化。该项目侧重于打stone过程中的实际问题解决水平。首先，我报告了复制打A者Acheulean手斧的打k者的协议分析。 Stoneknappers使用均值-终点分析法，这是一种计划启发法，通常用于解决认知心理学难题的塔式难题。使用这种类比，我得出结论，阻碍，任务切换和等级计划都与石器时代有关。其次，我将重点转移到生成行动计划资源上，这些资源可以在纠缠和语言生成过程中对动作进行排序。通过观察到的后期Acheulean复制，我得到了一个正式的语法，表明后期Acheulean技术中存在将动作灵活地嵌入到类似短语的结构中的能力。该分析发现，行动的工作记忆是后期Acheulean技术不可或缺的。第三，然后我使用ALE荟萃分析，对过去的神经影像学研究进行了打apping，与447个神经影像学研究相比，支持了这些结果。我发现（1）认知控制是Acheulean复制的基本要素，（2）言语工作记忆对于Oldowan和Acheulean复制都是必不可少的，（3）打k和语言（句法）中的生成行动计划似乎是类似的过程（5）背侧注意力在调解感知－行动系统中发挥作用。最后，我将重点介绍该项目的含义。首先，可能是Homo专长于复杂的任务，这推动了现代的大脑不对称模式。其次，工作记忆在纠缠和语言表达中的重要作用表明，行动的工作记忆是两种行为共享的资源，并且是两者相似结构特征的来源。第三，石器技术中的许多计划层次相互作用以对其进行分层结构。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mahaney, Robert Allen.;

  • 作者单位

    Indiana University.;

  • 授予单位 Indiana University.;
  • 学科 Archaeology.;Evolution development.;Cognitive psychology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 463 p.
  • 总页数 463
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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