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How and Why Should the Criminal Law Punish Corporations?

机译：刑法应如何惩罚刑法公司？

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摘要

Courts established over a century ago that a corporation, like an individual, should be held criminally responsible for its misconduct. Nevertheless, the practice still faces steep resistance rooted in skeptical worries about both the possibility of, and the purpose behind, holding collectives accountable. My dissertation refutes both skeptical worries---and, in doing so, brings together diametrically opposed approaches to corporate regulation.;Chapter I situates the project in its historical context. Regulation of commercial activity originally occurred through corporate law: states looked inside the corporation to oversee its structure, purpose, and even day-to-day managerial decisions. The development of corporate-criminal liability reflects first corporate law's inability to regulate sophisticated commercial entities and second the inadequacy of the conception of personhood this strategy presupposed. Chapter II draws on contemporary scholarship to offer a pragmatic conception of personhood, one consistent with the nascent conception courts developed to justify the expansion of criminal liability to corporations. On this account, corporations can satisfy stringent prerequisites for legal personhood---in particular, criminal law's mens rea requirements.;The second half of the dissertation reimagines corporate law as a tool for improving criminal punishment, rather than as a standalone, alternative approach to corporate regulation. Chapter III defends the use of criminal fines against complaints that fines merely harm innocent individuals, and further demonstrates that the State could better deter corporations while minimizing harm to innocents through corporate-law reforms that encourage those inside the corporation to voluntarily shift the distribution of harm towards culpable members. Chapter IV goes further to use corporate-law reform as punishment in and of itself. Among other things, standard objections to reform fall away when relocated from the ordinary commercial context to the rarefied space of criminal punishment. Meanwhile, corporate-reform-as-punishment expresses penological justifications traditionally inapplicable to corporations because of the lack of suitable alternatives to punishments like imprisonment. Incorporating corporate-law reform into our criminal practices thus expands the range of justifications for punishing corporations.
机译：一个多世纪以前，法院确立了一个公司，就像个人一样，应对其不当行为承担刑事责任。然而，这种做法仍然面临巨大的阻力，这种怀疑源自对使集体追究责任的可能性和背后目的的怀疑性根源。我的论文驳斥了这两种怀疑的忧虑，并且在这样做的过程中，他们提出了截然相反的公司监管方法。第一章将项目置于其历史背景下。商业活动的监管最初是通过公司法发生的：各州在公司内部进行检查，以监督其结构，宗旨，甚至日常的管理决策。公司刑事责任的发展首先反映了公司法无力监管复杂的商业实体，其次反映了该战略所预设的人格观念的不足。第二章利用当代奖学金来提供一种实用的人格观念，这一观念与为证明将刑事责任扩展到公司的理由而成立的新生观念法庭相吻合。因此，公司可以满足法人资格的严格先决条件，尤其是刑法对精神的要求。论文的后半部分将公司法重新构想为改善刑事处罚的工具，而不是一种独立的替代方法公司法规。第三章为使用刑事罚款辩护，以反对罚款只会损害无辜者的投诉，并进一步表明，国家可以通过公司法改革鼓励公司内部的人自愿转移损害的分配，从而更好地威慑公司，同时将对无辜者的损害降至最低对有罪的成员。第四章进一步将公司法改革本身作为惩罚。除其他外，当从普通的商业环境转移到稀少的刑罚空间时，对改革的标准反对意见就消失了。同时，由于没有像监禁这样的惩罚手段，因此，企业改正作为惩罚手段表达了传统上不适用于企业的刑法依据。将公司法改革纳入我们的犯罪实践，从而扩大了惩罚公司的理由范围。

著录项

  • 作者

    Thomas, William Robert.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Michigan.;

  • 授予单位 University of Michigan.;
  • 学科 Philosophy.;Law.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 251 p.
  • 总页数 251
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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