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首页> 外文学位 >Competition for soft power in nineteenth-century Anglo-American relations as exemplified by mid-Victorian novels.
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Competition for soft power in nineteenth-century Anglo-American relations as exemplified by mid-Victorian novels.

机译：以维多利亚时代中期的小说为代表的19世纪英美关系中的软实力竞争。

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摘要

The representation of America in Victorian fiction follows a trajectory of increasing favorability after the War of 1812 and before the Civil War, when America, still an interested subject across the Atlantic, became more uncouth and unjust by the British standard; however, the reasons for this trajectory are not as simple as pointing to a damaged economy and disfigured political image brought about by the Civil War. Favorable depictions of America depended on its power and the strength of competitive countries; in other words, as long as America remained powerful and attractive, thereby possessing more than just brute military strength, Great Britain respected and at times deferred to America. I use Joseph S. Nye's international relations theory of soft power to explain British representations of America and, at times, Canada as functions of a state's need to adapt to international shifts in values and interests; in other words, America's popularity and upward immigration trend each decade before the Civil War forced other powerful western states to acknowledge its status as a competitor. The most favorable fictional representations of America coincide with its soft power apex, the high point in the kind of attractiveness derived from culture, values, and economic opportunity. A noticeable substantial change in the nineteenth century occurred at the time in the early 1840s when Charles Dickens and Frederick Marryat travelled to North America and then narrated and fictionalized their experiences; at this time, America's relatively newfound strength challenged preconceived British notions of the former colony, thereby resulting in ambivalent attitudes towards it. Additionally, the importance of soft power is evident in the late 1840s when many European states were facing tumultuous revolutions, the United States was prospering by its westward expansion, and Charlotte Bronte and Elizabeth Gaskell were writing novels preferring the North American frontier to the settled British landscape. But by the 1860s, when America's internal fighting and weak economy during the Civil War damaged its reputation, British authors, such as Mary Elizabeth Braddon and Charlotte Yonge, used that opportunity to aggrandize Great Britain. While many European states were zealously participating in an arms race, wielding their hard power, which can be described as aggressive military or economic strength, mid-Victorian British novelists understood the potency of soft power in negotiating international relations and capitalizing on the weaknesses and strengths of another state.
机译：在维多利亚时代的小说中，美国的表现遵循一条轨迹，即在1812年战争之后和南北战争之前，人们的好感度不断提高，当时美国仍然是整个大西洋上的一个有趣话题，按照英国的标准，它变得更加不公正和不公正。然而，这种轨迹的原因并不像指出内战带来的经济受损和政治形象受损那样简单。对美国的好印象取决于美国的实力和竞争国家的实力。换句话说，只要美国继续保持强大和吸引力，从而拥有不仅仅是蛮横的军事力量，大不列颠便会尊重并有时屈服于美国。我用约瑟夫·奈（Joseph S. Nye）的软实力国际关系理论来解释英国对美国的代表，有时也对加拿大的代表，作为国家适应价值和利益国际转移的需要的一种功能。换句话说，在南北战争之前的十年中，美国的受欢迎程度和移民趋势呈上升趋势，迫使其他强大的西方国家承认其作为竞争对手的地位。美国最有利的小说代表形式是其软实力最高峰，这是文化，价值观和经济机会所产生的吸引力的最高点。 1840年代初期，查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）和弗雷德里克·马里亚特（Frederick Marryat）前往北美，然后叙述并虚构了他们的经历，这在19世纪发生了显着的重大变化。在这个时候，美国相对较新的力量挑战了英国对前殖民地的先入为主的观念，从而导致了对它的矛盾态度。此外，在1840年代后期，软实力的重要性显而易见，当时许多欧洲国家正面临动荡的革命，美国因其向西扩张而繁荣，夏洛特·勃朗特和伊丽莎白·加斯凯尔在写小说时偏向北美边疆地区而不是定居的英国。景观。但是到了1860年代，当南北战争期间美国的内部斗争和疲软的经济损害了它的声誉时，玛丽·伊丽莎白·布拉德登和夏洛特·雍恩等英国作家利用这一机会来强化了英国。许多欧洲国家热心参加军备竞赛，行使其硬实力，这可以说是侵略性的军事或经济实力，中维多利亚时代的英国小说家则了解软实力在谈判国际关系和利用弱点和强项方面的潜力另一个州。

著录项

  • 作者

    Probst, Melina R.;

  • 作者单位

    Northern Illinois University.;

  • 授予单位 Northern Illinois University.;
  • 学科 English literature.;Political science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 254 p.
  • 总页数 254
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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