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Sediment and phosphorus loads from streambank erosion and failure: A source of legacy phosphorus in watersheds.

机译：河床冲刷和破坏造成的泥沙和磷负荷：流域遗留磷的来源。

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摘要

Streambank erosion may be one pathway for sediment and nutrient loading to streams but insufficient data exists on the magnitude. Riparian protection can significantly decrease streambank erosion in some locations, but estimates of actual sediment load reductions are limited. Objectives of this research include (i) reviewing current knowledge on streambanks as P loading sources and identifying future research needs, (ii) quantifying the amount of streambank erosion throughout a sensitive watershed in eastern Oklahoma, (iii) estimating the benefit of vegetation on reducing streambank erosion, (iv) determining the importance of mass wasting in this system, (v) analyzing the appropriateness of limited monitoring points to determine watershed sediment load, (vi) quantifying the magnitude of and spatial distribution of streambank phosphorus concentrations along a stream system in a watershed with historical poultry litter application, (vii) quantifying the amount of water soluble phosphorus (WSP) and total phosphorus (TP) entering the stream from streambanks, and (viii) comparing streambank P concentrations and loading between two unique streams in the same ecoregion. For Spavinaw Creek, it was estimated that the total soil mass eroded from 2003 to 2013 was 727 x106 kg, average bank retreat was 2.5 m yr-1, and 1.5 x 103 kg WSP and 1.4 x 105 kg TP loaded. Statistical analysis showed that sites with riparian vegetation had on average three times less bank retreat than unprotected banks. Bank retreat was somewhat positively correlated with stream discharge, suggesting that mass wasting plays a role in streambank erosion within this watershed. Selection of random sites and scaling up to watershed scale greatly underestimated the actual erosion and loading rates. Comparison of P loading between the two systems showed that WSP in one was an order of magnitude higher while TP was on the same order of magnitude. Streambank P loading rates are dependent on the stream system; therefore each stream needs to be individually studied in order to gain a better understanding of the specific loadings from streambanks. Future research is needed on dynamics between different P pools and the integrated streambank erosion processes.
机译：河岸侵蚀可能是沉积物和养分流向河流的一种途径，但是关于水位的数据不足。河岸保护可以在某些地方显着减少河岸侵蚀，但实际减少泥沙负荷的估计是有限的。这项研究的目标包括（i）审查有关作为P负载源的河岸的当前知识并确定未来的研究需求；（ii）量化整个俄克拉荷马州东部敏感流域的河岸侵蚀量；（iii）估算植被在减少流失方面的益处河岸侵蚀，（iv）确定该系统中大量浪费的重要性，（v）分析有限的监测点以确定流域沉积物负荷的适当性，（vi）量化沿河道系统的河岸磷浓度的大小和空间分布在具有历史性家禽垫料应用的流域中，（vii）量化从河床入流的水溶性磷（WSP）和总磷（TP）的量，以及（viii）比较河床中两种独特河水的河床P浓度和负荷同一生态区。对于Spavinaw Creek，据估计，2003年至2013年侵蚀的土壤总量为727 x 106 kg，平均河岸后退量为250万yr-1，装载了1.5 x 103 kg的WSP和1.4 x 105 kg的TP。统计分析表明，沿河植被的站点的河岸撤退平均比未受保护的河岸少三倍。河岸退缩与河水流量有一定的正相关，表明大量浪费在该流域内的河岸侵蚀中起作用。随机地点的选择和规模扩大到分水岭规模大大低估了实际的侵蚀和负荷率。两种系统之间的P负载比较表明，WSP在一个系统中要高一个数量级，而TP在相同的数量级上。 Streambank P的加载速率取决于流系统。因此，需要对每个流进行单独研究，以更好地了解流库中的特定荷载。需要对不同P池与集成式河床冲刷过程之间的动力学进行进一步研究。

著录项

  • 作者

    Purvis, Rebecca Anne.;

  • 作者单位

    Oklahoma State University.;

  • 授予单位 Oklahoma State University.;
  • 学科 Environmental engineering.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 121 p.
  • 总页数 121
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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