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Land Use/Land Cover Driven Surface Energy Balance and Convective Rainfall Change in South Florida.

机译：南佛罗里达州土地利用/地表驱动的地表能量平衡和对流降雨变化。

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摘要

Modification of land use/land cover in South Florida has posed a major challenge in the region's eco-hydrology by shifting the surface-atmosphere water and energy balance. Although drainage and development in South Florida took place extensively between the mid- and late- 20th century, converting half of the original Everglades into agricultural and urban areas, urban expansion still accounts for a dominant mode of surface cover change in South Florida. Changes in surface cover directly affect the radiative, thermophysical and aerodynamic parameters which determine the absorption and partitioning of radiation into different components at the Earth surface. The alteration is responsible for changing the thermal structure of the surface and surface layer atmosphere, eventually modifying surface-induced convection.;This dissertation is aimed at analyzing the extent and pattern of land cover change in South Florida and delineating the associated development of urban heat island (UHI), energy flux alteration, and convective rainfall modification using observed data, remotely sensed estimates, and modeled results.;Urban land covers in South Florida are found to have increased by 10% from 1974 to 2011. Higher Landsat-derived land surface temperatures (LST) are observed in urban areas (LSTu-r =2.8°C) with satisfactory validation statistics for eastern stations (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient =0.70 and R2 =0.79). Time series trends, significantly negative for diurnal temperature range (DTR= -1°C, p=0.005) and positive for lifting condensation level (LCL > 20m) reveal temporal and conspicuous urban-rural differences in nocturnal temperature (DeltaTu-r = 4°C) shows spatial signatures of UHI. Spatially higher (urban: 3, forest: 0.14) and temporally increasing (urban: 1.67 to 3) Bowen's ratios, and sensible heat fluxes exceeding net radiation in medium and high-intensity developed areas in 2010 reflect the effect of urbanization on surface energy balance. Radar reflectivity-derived surface-induced convective rainfall reveals significantly positive mean differences (thunderstorm cell density: 6/1000 km2 and rain rate: 0.24 mm/hr/summer, p < 0.005) between urban and entire South Florida indicating convective enhancement by urban covers.;The research fulfils its two-fold purposes: advancing the understanding of post-development hydrometeorology in South Florida and investigating the spatial and temporal impacts of land cover change on the microclimate of a subtropical city.
机译：通过改变地表大气的水和能量平衡，南佛罗里达州土地利用/土地覆被的修改对该地区的生态水文学构成了重大挑战。尽管南佛罗里达州的排水和开发广泛地发生在20世纪中叶和后期之间，将原始的大沼泽地的一半转化为农业和城市地区，但城市扩张仍然是南佛罗里达州地表覆盖变化的主要方式。表面覆盖的变化直接影响辐射，热物理和空气动力学参数，这些参数决定了辐射在地球表面的吸收和分配为不同成分的情况。这种变化负责改变地表和表层大气的热结构，最终改变地表对流。;本论文旨在分析南佛罗里达州土地覆盖变化的程度和模式，并描述与之相关的城市热能发展。岛（UHI），能量通量变化和对流降雨量的修改，使用的是观测数据，遥感估计和模拟结果。；发现南佛罗里达州的土地面积从1974年到2011年增加了10％。在市区（LSTu-r = 2.8°C）观察到地表温度（LST），东部站点的验证数据令人满意（Nash-Sutcliffe系数= 0.70和R2 = 0.79）。时间序列趋势，昼夜温度范围显着为负（DTR = -1°C，p = 0.005），凝结水平升高为正（LCL> 20m），表明夜间温度存在明显的城乡差异（DeltaTu-r = 4 °C）显示UHI的空间特征。在2010年，中等和高强度发达地区的空间高度较高（城市：3；森林：0.14），时间上有所增加（城市：1.67至3），Bowen比率以及显热通量超过净辐射，反映了城市化对地表能量平衡的影响。雷达反射率得出的地表对流降雨显示出市区与整个南佛罗里达之间明显的正平均差异（雷暴单元密度：6/1000 km2和降雨率：0.24 mm / hr /夏，p <0.005），表明市区的对流增强该研究实现了两个目的：增进对南佛罗里达州开发后水文气象的理解，并调查土地覆盖变化对亚热带城市小气候的时空影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kandel, Hari Prasad.;

  • 作者单位

    Florida International University.;

  • 授予单位 Florida International University.;
  • 学科 Land use planning.;Energy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 169 p.
  • 总页数 169
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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