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Critical shear stress estimates of sunken Alberta bitumen.

机译：下沉的阿尔伯塔沥青的临界切应力估算值。

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As observed in several recent spills (e.g., DBL-152, TX; Enbridge-Kalamazoo, MI), under certain circumstances, released oil can sink to the bottom of a water body. Once on the bottom, the oil can move or remobilize into the water column. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of Response and Restoration (ORR) uses mathematical models to predict the trajectory of spilled oil. The critical shear stress (CSS) for an oil is used to predict the movement of sunken oil along and off the bottom. The CSS has only been measured for one oil (Hibernian crude). The Coastal Response Research Center (CRRC) at the University of New Hampshire (UNH) has an annular flume equipped with a velocity profiler that can be used to estimate CSS by measuring the instantaneous, three-dimensional water current velocities at which sunken oils undergo movement and erosion of visible oil droplets occur.;The CSS of sunken Alberta bitumen was determined by progressively increasing current velocities until deformation, movement and erosion of the stranded oil was observed. Tests were conducted in freshwater at water temperatures of 5, 15 and 25°C. At temperatures ≥ 18.5 +/- 1.9 °C, mass erosion of visible droplets was observed in current velocities greater than 20 cm/s (0.39 knots.), corresponding to a CSS of 1.9 Pa. No erosion was observed at temperatures < 18.5 +/- 1.9 °C in current velocities up to 100 cm/s (2.25 knots).;Understanding the transport and fate of sunken oil is an important prerequisite for recovery of non-buoyant oils. Unfortunately, details regarding environmental conditions and physical properties of crude oil are limited. Spill trajectory modelers make a "best guess" of the expected conditions needed to erode and resuspend oil from the bottom. CSS data are needed for a range of oils. This thesis research estimated CSS for an Alberta bitumen, providing modelers information to predict the behavior of sunken Alberta bitumen.
机译：正如最近发生的几起泄漏事件所观察到的（例如，德克萨斯州DBL-152；密歇根州恩布里奇-卡拉马祖），在某些情况下，释放出的油会沉到水体底部。一旦到达底部，油就可以移动或迁移到水柱中。美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）响应与恢复办公室（ORR）使用数学模型来预测溢油的轨迹。油的临界剪切应力（CSS）用于预测沉没的油沿着或离开底部的运动。仅对一种油（哈伯族原油）测量了CSS。新罕布什尔大学（UNH）的海岸响应研究中心（CRRC）的环形水槽配备了速度分析仪，可通过测量沉没的油在运动中的瞬时三维水流速度来估算CSS。沉没的亚伯达沥青的CSS是通过逐渐增加电流速度直到观察到滞留油的变形，运动和腐蚀来确定的。在5、15和25°C的水温下在淡水中进行测试。在温度≥18.5 +/- 1.9°C时，在大于20 cm / s（0.39节）的流速下观察到可见液滴的大量腐蚀，对应的CSS为1.9 Pa。在<18.5 +的温度下未观察到腐蚀/-在最高100 cm / s（2.25节）的当前速度下为1.9°C。了解沉没油的运输和命运是回收非浮力油的重要先决条件。不幸的是，关于环境条件和原油物理性质的细节是有限的。泄漏轨迹建模人员对从底部腐蚀并重新悬浮油所需的预期条件做出“最佳猜测”。各种油都需要CSS数据。本文的研究估计了艾伯塔省沥青的CSS，为建模者提供信息以预测沉没的艾伯塔省沥青的行为。

著录项

  • 作者

    Watkins, Charles Bruno Richter.;

  • 作者单位

    University of New Hampshire.;

  • 授予单位 University of New Hampshire.;
  • 学科 Ocean engineering.;Civil engineering.;Environmental engineering.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 130 p.
  • 总页数 130
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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