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首页> 外文学位 >A Multisite, Prospective, One Health Investigation of Zoonotic Swine Influenza Among 4-H Members and Their Swine at Agricultural Fairs in Pennsylvania
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A Multisite, Prospective, One Health Investigation of Zoonotic Swine Influenza Among 4-H Members and Their Swine at Agricultural Fairs in Pennsylvania

机译：在宾夕法尼亚州的农业博览会上对4-H成员及其猪进行人畜共患性猪流感的多地点，前瞻性和健康调查

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摘要

The unique animal-human interface created in an agricultural fair setting is a potential hot-spot for transmission of zoonotic influenza. Swine have the ability to undergo infection from swine, human, and avian influenza viruses, thus making them a likely source for emergent influenza viruses capable of spreading in humans. Since 2005, 373 cases of variant influenza (swine origin influenza virus that infects humans) have been reported in the United States. Swine exhibitors, such as those from 4-H and their swine, may be responsible for outbreaks of zoonotic influenza (e.g. H3N2v) at agricultural fairs. Although youth who exhibit swine at fairs are recognized for their risk of contracting and/or introducing zoonotic influenza to the general public, we know very little about their farm biosecurity risks or knowledge and behaviors regarding zoonotic influenza.;A multi-site, prospective, One Health investigation that assessed interactions between humans, animals, and the environment was conducted. This study used a convenience sample of 138 4-H members and leaders of 4-H groups attending five county fairs in western, southcentral, and south-eastern Pennsylvania during the summer of 2014. The first aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of influenza like illness in 4-H members and their swine through fair and follow-up interviews and collection of nasal swab samples (human and swine) and saliva samples (swine); swine samples were tested for influenza virus using RT-PCR and virus isolation. The second aim was to quantify interrelated risk factors from multiple levels including: fair environment, farm environment, and individual level knowledge and behaviors. Observational assessments at each fair were used to characterize the fair environment. Biosecurity risks for 4-H members were assessed in four domains: housing, transportation/sharing, animal, and human through three surveys conducted prior to, during and after the fair.;No ILI or influenza virus was detected in humans or swine. Fair environment assessments revealed that the availability of hand sanitization facilities and related informational signage was poor across most fairs. Assessment of farm-level biosecurity risk in the housing and transportation/sharing domains found that almost all participants' swine (91.3%) were kept on a farm with other types of livestock, 17% indicated they house their swine on a farm with commercial livestock, and 16% transported their swine to other shows where contact with other swine increases risk for influenza infection. Among the animal biosecurity risk factors, poor quarantine procedures were indicated in 73% of respondents who traveled to/exhibited at another event. As belief in biosecurity importance increased, the odds of quarantining new or returning animals on the farm increased (OR:2.2; CI:1.0-4.8). Knowledge summary scores from the human biosecurity domain were low, with the mean score below the 50% correct bench-mark. Approximately 27% of the participants did not know or did not believe humans could contract disease from animals. 4-H members exhibited moderate risk in personal protective equipment (PPE) use as evident by a mean PPE use score of 7.1 (range: 1-15; low-high risk). For every one point increase in the knowledge summary score there was a 0.4 point (CI: - 0.7 - -0.05) decrease in the PPE risk score. 4-H member social networks did not appear to be highly sex-assortative, but did assort by age and on average, participants who shared their tools had much higher degree or number of connections than the participants who did not share their tools.
机译：在农业博览会上创造的独特的人畜界面是人畜共患流感传播的潜在热点。猪具有受猪，人类和禽流感病毒感染的能力，因此使其成为可能在人体内传播的新兴流感病毒的可能来源。自2005年以来，美国已报告373例变异型流感（感染人类的​​猪源流感病毒）。猪的参展商，例如4-H及其猪的参展商，可能会导致在农业博览会上爆发人畜共患流感（例如，H3N2v）。尽管在展览会上展示猪的年轻人因感染和/或将人畜共患流感引入普通大众的风险已得到认可，但我们对其农场的生物安全风险或人畜共患流感的知识和行为知之甚少。进行了一项健康调查，评估了人，动物和环境之间的相互作用。这项研究使用了一个方便样本，其中包括2014年夏季参加宾夕法尼亚州西部，中南部和东南部五个县集市的138个4-H成员和4-H团体的领导人。本研究的首要目的是评估通过公平和后续的采访以及收集鼻拭子样本（人和猪）和唾液样本（猪），在4-H成员及其猪中出现流感样疾病的发生率；使用RT-PCR和病毒分离测试猪样本中的流感病毒。第二个目标是从多个层面量化相互关联的风险因素，包括：公平的环境，农场环境以及个人层面的知识和行为。每个展览会的观察评估都用来描述展览环境。通过在展览会之前，之中和之后进行的三项调查，在四个方面评估了4-H成员的生物安全风险：住房，运输/共享，动物和人。;在人或猪中未检测到ILI或流感病毒。公平的环境评估表明，在大多数交易会中，洗手设施和相关信息标牌的可用性很差。对住房和运输/共享领域中农场一级生物安全风险的评估发现，几乎所有参与者的猪（91.3％）都被饲养在带有其他类型牲畜的农场上，17％表示他们将猪饲养在拥有商业牲畜的农场上，还有16％的人将猪运到其他场馆，与其他猪场接触会增加感染流感的风险。在动物生物安全风险因素中，73％的受访者曾去另一次展会/参加了另一次展会，但他们指出隔离检疫措施差。随着人们对生物安全重要性的认识增加，隔离农场中新的或返还的动物的几率也增加了（OR：2.2； CI：1.0-4.8）。来自人类生物安全领域的知识摘要得分较低，平均得分低于正确基准的50％。大约27％的参与者不知道或不相信人类会感染动物的疾病。 4-H成员在使用个人防护装备（PPE）时表现出中等风险，其平均PPE使用评分为7.1（范围：1-15；低-高风险）。知识摘要得分每提高1分，PPE风险得分就降低0.4点（CI：-0.7--0.05）。 4-H成员社交网络似乎不具有高度的性别差异，但按年龄进行了分类，平均而言，共享工具的参与者的连接程度或数量要比不共享工具的参与者更高。

著录项

  • 作者

    Spleen, Angela M.;

  • 作者单位

    The Pennsylvania State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Pennsylvania State University.;
  • 学科 Behavioral psychology.;Public health.;Epidemiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 183 p.
  • 总页数 183
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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