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Value and truth in literature: The critic versus the reader from Henry James' perspective as applied to reader response theory

机译：文学中的价值和真理：从亨利·詹姆斯的角度来看，批评家与读者对读者回应理论的应用

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摘要

Based on Reader Response Theory, without an audience and interpretation a piece of literature does not have value and does not elicit a truth. It has to communicate. Further, Henry James in his work is not only saying that interpretation by a reader is of vital importance in creating value and truth, he implies that there are different types of readers and he specifically, in the works cited, seems to differentiate between the role of a literary critic and a casual reader. He creates narrators at varied levels of education and knowledge on purpose to elicit from the reader different points-of-view. But, he does not tell the reader what to believe about his narrator. He purposefully leaves a sense of ambiguity about the reliability of the narrator to be interpreted by the reader. This creates layers of possible interpretations that change with different approaches to the reading. This is in line with Reader Response Theory in that it considers interpretation of text by the reader as something dynamic and oscillating. James is concerned as Stanley Fish is with the reliability of the reader, and because he often wrote about a part of society that was in great flux, the Fish proposal of a community of readers would have appealed to James. The conclusion drawn is that human truths cannot be labelled nor categorized. Henry James knew this. He calls this truth "it" and equates "it" to heart and the artistic muse. So, the base of the argument is that the literary critic alone cannot determine both value and truth in a text. To get to the heart, the "it," it takes the emotionally invested reader and it changes and mutates with each reading. If we are still reading a piece hundreds of years later it is because it imparts a human truism. Value has been determined by the system of literary interpretation; however, due to the fluctuating ambiguity of interpretation no definitive "truth" can be determined. Truth cannot be pigeon-holed. Truth is a dynamic process of interaction of opposing elements in constant flux as both Henry James and Reader Response Theory concludes.
机译：基于读者反应理论，没有读者的理解和解释，一部文学就没有价值，也不会引出真相。它必须沟通。此外，亨利·詹姆斯（Henry James）在他的作品中不仅说读者的理解对创造价值和真理至关重要，而且他暗示着读者的类型不同，并且他在所引用的作品中似乎特别区分了角色文学评论家和随便的读者。他故意创建具有不同教育水平和知识水平的叙述者，以从读者那里得出不同的观点。但是，他没有告诉读者对叙述者有什么看法。他故意对要由读者解释的叙述者的可靠性含糊不清。这将创建可能的解释层，这些解释会随着阅读方法的不同而发生变化。这与读者响应理论是一致的，因为它认为读者对文本的解释是动态的和易变的。詹姆斯担心斯坦利·费什（Stanley Fish）对读者的可靠性的关注，并且由于他经常写有关社会中变化很大的一部分的文章，所以费什（Fish）对读者群体的建议会吸引詹姆斯。得出的结论是，人类的真理不能被标记或分类。亨利·詹姆斯知道这一点。他称这个真理为“它”，并将“它”等同于内心和艺术缪斯。因此，该论据的基础是，仅文学评论家就无法确定文本中的价值和真理。为了吸引人，“ it”需要情感投入的读者，并且每次阅读都会发生变化和变异。如果我们在数百年后仍在阅读一本书，那是因为它赋予了人类真实性。价值是由文学解释系统决定的；但是，由于解释的不确定性波动，因此无法确定确定的“真相”。真理不能一成不变。正如亨利·詹姆斯（Henry James）和读者反应理论得出的结论，真理是不断变化的对立元素相互作用的动态过程。

著录项

  • 作者

    Vickery, Marilyn M.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 British Irish literature.
  • 学位 M.A.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 48 p.
  • 总页数 48
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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