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Development and Investigation of Weft Knitted Strain Sensor

机译：纬编应变传感器的开发与研究

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摘要

This thesis presents a study of the sensing properties exhibited by textile-based knitted strain sensors. Sensing fabrics were manufactured from silver-plated conductive nylon and non-conducting elastomeric yarns. The component yarns offered similar diameters, bending characteristics and surface friction, but their production parameters differed in respect of the yarn input tension, the number of conductive courses in the sensing structure and the elastomeric yarn extension characteristics. The knitted sensors were manufactured using flat-bed knitting technology, and electro-mechanical tests were performed on the specimens using a tensile testing machine to apply strain whilst the sensor was incorporated into a Wheatstone bridge arrangement to allow electrical monitoring. The novel operational principle relies on the separation under strain of adjacent conducting knitted loops which are normally held in contact by the elastomeric yarn. The results confirm that production parameters play a fundamental role in determining the physical behaviour and the sensing properties of knitted sensors and the response could be engineered by varying the production parameters of specific designs. Results showed that the knitted structures could be manipulated to produce gauge factor values between 2.26 and 0.23 for sensors with working ranges of 8.4 % and 3.3 % respectively when the elastomeric yarn had 8 cN input tension. The generated signals were stable and repeatable, and under cyclic testing proved to be substantially free from long-term drift. A textile-based strain sensor was developed to create a respiration be this was realised by bringing together the extensible knitted sensor and a relatively inelastic textile strap. Machine simulations and real time measurements on a human subject were performed to calculate average breathing frequencies under different static and dynamic conditions. Various respiration rates were monitored to simulate different medical conditions and with the belt located either round the torso or in the abdominal area, the sensor yielded a satisfactory response. However, body motion artefacts affected the signal quality under dynamic conditions and an additional signal-processing step was added to separate unwanted interference from the breathing signal. Electro-mechanical modelling was developed by exploiting Peirce`s loop model in order to describe the fabric geometry under static and dynamic conditions. Kirchhoff`s node and loop equations were employed to create a generalised solution for the equivalent electrical resistance of the textile sensor for a given knitted loop geometry and for a specified number of loops. Experimental results were obtained from the sensor for strain levels up to 40% and these correlate well with the modelled data; a maximum error of 2.13 % was found between the experimental and modelled resistance-strain relationships.
机译：本文提出了一种基于纺织品的编织应变传感器所表现出的传感特性的研究。传感织物由镀银的导电尼龙和非导电弹性纱制成。组分纱线具有相似的直径，弯曲特性和表面摩擦，但是它们的生产参数在纱线输入张力，传感结构中的导电层数和弹性纱线延伸特性方面有所不同。编织的传感器使用平板编织技术制造，并使用拉伸试验机对样品进行机电测试，以施加应变，同时将传感器并入惠斯通电桥装置中以进行电监控。新颖的操作原理依赖于通常由弹性纱线保持接触的相邻导电针织线圈在应变下的分离。结果证实，生产参数在确定针织传感器的物理行为和感测特性方面起着基本作用，并且可以通过更改特定设计的生产参数来设计响应。结果表明，当弹性纱线的输入张力为8 cN时，对于工作范围分别为8.4％和3.3％的传感器，可以对针织结构进行处理，以使其规格系数值在2.26和0.23之间。生成的信号稳定且可重复，并且在循环测试下证明基本没有长期漂移。开发了一种基于纺织品的应变传感器来创建呼吸带。这是通过将可扩展的针织传感器和相对无弹性的织物带组合在一起而实现的。在人类对象上进行了机器模拟和实时测量，以计算在不同静态和动态条件下的平均呼吸频率。监测各种呼吸速率以模拟不同的医疗状况，并且将安全带置于躯干周围或腹部，传感器可产生令人满意的响应。但是，人体运动伪影会影响动态条件下的信号质量，因此增加了一个额外的信号处理步骤，以将不必要的干扰与呼吸信号分开。机电建模是通过利用Peirce的环模型开发的，目的是描述静态和动态条件下的织物几何形状。使用基尔霍夫的节点方程和回路方程，为给定的针织线圈几何形状和指定数量的线圈创建了纺织品传感器等效电阻的通用解。从传感器获得了高达40％的应变水平的实验结果，这些结果与建模数据具有很好的相关性；在实验和建模的电阻-应变关系之间发现的最大误差为2.13％。

著录项

  • 作者

    Atalay, Ozgur.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Manchester (United Kingdom).;

  • 授予单位 The University of Manchester (United Kingdom).;
  • 学科 Textile research.;Materials science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 226 p.
  • 总页数 226
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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