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Morphosyntactic Development in a Second Language: An Eye-tracking Study on the Role of Attention.

机译：第二语言的语态句法发展：注意作用的眼动研究。

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摘要

One common claim in second language (L2) acquisition research is that attention is crucial for development to occur. Although previous empirical research supports this claim, methodological approaches have not been able to directly measure attention. This thesis utilized eye-tracking to directly measure attention and thus provide converging evidence in support of previous research.;Beginning learners of Spanish learned a novel target-form: direct-object pronouns---e.g., lo, ('him') in lo besa Maria ('Maria kisses him')---which represents the theme in the sentence. Practice consisted of two variations of a picture-sentence matching activity where participants had to choose which image (from a pair) best depicted a written sentence. The two variations were: an external condition, where sentences presented in the matching activity included the target-form in a different color, as in input enhancement, and an internal condition, where exposure to two initial pictures that differed only in relation to the direct object preceded the matching activity, as in structured input practice. Immediate and delayed interpretation tasks assessed In all conditions, participant attention will be operationalized using three measures of eye movement: (a) total time fixating the pronoun, (b) total number of fixations on the pronoun, and (c) skipping rate of the pronoun. L2 development.;To assess effects of attention, eye-tracking measures recorded during the two conditions were compared to those recorded on control trials (with no manipulation of attention). For the external condition, attention was directed to the pronoun as participants skipped the pronoun less, and L2 development was found at the delayed interpretation task. For the internal condition, attention was directed to the pronoun as participants skipped the pronoun less and total time looking at the pronoun increased. Furthermore, L2 development was found at immediate and delayed interpretation tasks for this condition. Although both conditions appear to effectively manipulate attention, results suggest that different manipulations differentially affect attentional allocation, which may have implications for the amount of resulting L2 development.;Additionally, this study explored how the distinction between external and internal attentional mechanisms, as posited by cognitive psychology theory, may play out in L2 development. These mechanisms are aligned with attentional manipulations established through the L2 instructional interventions of input enhancement and structured input practice. How such manipulations affect attention and whether they lead to development were addressed by the following experimental design.
机译：在第二语言（L2）习得研究中一个普遍的主张是，注意力对于发生发展至关重要。尽管以前的经验研究支持这一说法，但方法论方法仍无法直接衡量注意力。本文利用眼动追踪技术直接测量注意力，从而为先前的研究提供融合的证据。西班牙语的初学者学习了一种新颖的目标形式：直接宾语代词-例如，lo，（'him'） lo besa Maria（玛丽亚亲吻他）---代表句子中的主题。练习由图片-句子匹配活动的两种变体组成，参与者必须选择最能描绘出书面句子的图像（一对）。这两个变体是：外部条件，其中匹配活动中呈现的句子包括不同形式的目标形式（如输入增强），以及内部条件，其中暴露给两个初始图片的区别仅在于直接形式。在结构化输入练习中，对象先于匹配活动。评估即时和延迟的口译任务在所有情况下，参与者的注意力将通过以下三种眼动测量来实现：（a）固定代词的总时间，（b）代词固定的总次数，以及（c）代词的跳过率代词。 L2的发展。为了评估注意力的影响，将在两种情况下记录的眼动追踪措施与对照试验中记录的眼动追踪措施进行了比较（无需注意）。对于外部条件，由于参与者少了代词，所以注意力集中在代词上，并且在延迟的解释任务中发现了L2的发展。对于内部条件，注意力集中在代词上，因为参与者略微跳过了代词，而寻找代词的总时间增加了。此外，在这种情况下，在即时和延迟解释任务中发现了L2的发展。尽管这两种情况似乎都可以有效地操纵注意力，但结果表明，不同的操纵方式对注意力分配的影响不同，这可能对所产生的L2发展产生影响。；此外，本研究探讨了外部和内部注意力机制之间的区别，如认知心理学理论，可能会在L2发展中发挥作用。这些机制与通过输入增强和结构化输入练习的L2教学干预所建立的注意力操纵相一致。以下实验设计解决了此类操作如何影响注意力以及它们是否导致发展的问题。

著录项

  • 作者

    Issa, Bernard Ibrahim, II.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Chicago.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Chicago.;
  • 学科 Linguistics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 193 p.
  • 总页数 193
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 遥感技术;
  • 关键词

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