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Justice, Law, and the Elite Student Experience in Russian and American Legal Education.

机译：正义，法律以及俄罗斯和美国法律教育中的精英学生经验。

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摘要

Legal education is endangered in the contemporary United States and Russia, although that precariousness is manifested institutionally, socially and experientially in contrasting ways. In both countries, elite law schools are often exempted from the associated discourse of crisis, particularly in view of their consistently prestigious reputations and the careers these elite institutions engender. Yet the crisis in Russian and American legal education is especially stark in elite law schools and legal education more broadly. This is largely due to elite law graduates' unique connection to top leadership in politics and business. Nevertheless, elite law students' perspectives and trajectories are relatively under-researched. When elite students' positions and views are addressed, the conventional understanding is that their lower barriers to successful employment render their experiences and struggles of lesser concern. Based on in-depth interviews, participant observation and secondary research at Yale Law School and Moscow State University, my comparative study seeks to redress this gap. I show that there are systematic tensions in both Russia and the United States between the potential legal careers available to students on the one hand, and their personal emphases on the importance of the ideals and realization of justice on the other.;These tensions are embodied in (1) the explicitly valued prospective career paths and those that the law school appears to rule out on behalf of its students, (2) the experience of antiquated pedagogy in legal training (at Moscow State) and the current practice of law in a context of pervasive political and economic corruption and (3) the highly theoretical orientation of legal training (at Yale) and practical realities in an increasingly complex legal profession. Net of institutional and historical differences, elite law students in Russia and the U.S. are articulating these tensions. My interviews and observations elicit a range of student orientations: more students do not fully accept the options available to them in school and legal careers than those who do. While this is true for students in both countries, the degree of acceptance and resilience is varied. In further empirical chapters, I show that Moscow State students are more reluctant to express specific negative views of their legal education, though more than half of the students interviewed addressed problems of law in Russian society for which their legal education is not adequately preparing them.;In the concluding chapter, I argue that legal education research benefits from more focus on elite student perspectives, specifically with regards to professional identity development and the social process behind choosing career paths. Socio-legal research as a whole should not underestimate the thriving importance of justice conceptualizations and their role in determining the social organization of the legal profession and its potential consequences for democratic political systems and the rule of law. Finally, notwithstanding larger goals of social justice in society, there are specific policy reforms that elite law schools can attend to: Yale Law School should provide more options and guidance for students in alternative career trajectories; Moscow State should update the structure and pedagogy of its law program.
机译：在当代美国和俄罗斯，法律教育受到威胁，尽管这种危险性在制度上，社会上和经验上以相反的方式表现出来。在这两个国家中，精英法学院通常都不受有关危机的讨论，尤其是考虑到它们一贯享有盛誉的声誉以及这些精英机构所从事的职业。然而，俄罗斯和美国法学教育的危机在精英法学院和更广泛的法学教育中尤为明显。这在很大程度上是由于精英法学毕业生与政治和商业高层领导者之间的独特联系。然而，对法学专业的学生的观点和轨迹的研究相对较少。当谈到精英学生的立场和观点时，传统的理解是，他们成功就业的较低障碍使他们的经历和斗争受到较少关注。基于耶鲁法学院和莫斯科国立大学的深入访谈，参与者观察和辅助研究，我的比较研究旨在弥补这一差距。我表明，在俄罗斯和美国，一方面学生可以从事的潜在法律职业之间存在着系统性的紧张关系，另一方面，他们个人强调理想的重要性和实现正义的重要性。 （1）明确重视的未来职业道路以及法学院似乎代表其学生排除的职业道路；（2）法律培训中过时的教学法经验（在莫斯科州）和当前法律实践广泛的政治和经济腐败背景；（3）耶鲁大学法律培训的高度理论取向以及日益复杂的法律职业的现实状况。由于存在制度和历史上的分歧，俄罗斯和美国的法学专业学生正在阐明这些紧张关系。我的访谈和观察结果引起了一系列学生定向：与那些在学校和法律职业中没有完全接受的选择相比，更多的学生没有完全接受。虽然这两个国家的学生都是如此，但接受程度和适应能力却各不相同。在其他实证章节中，我表明，莫斯科国立大学的学生更不愿表达对法律教育的具体否定看法，尽管接受采访的学生中有一半以上针对俄罗斯社会中的法律问题，因为他们的法律教育并未为他们做好充分的准备。在最后一章中，我认为法学教育的研究受益于对精英学生观点的更多关注，特别是在职业身份发展和选择职业道路背后的社会过程方面。整个社会法律研究都不应低估司法概念化的日益重要的意义及其在确定法律职业的社会组织中的作用及其对民主政治制度和法治的潜在影响。最后，尽管社会正义的目标更高，但精英法学院可以进行一些具体的政策改革：耶鲁法学院应为学生提供更多选择和指导，使其在职业道路上有所发展；莫斯科国应更新其法律计划的结构和教学法。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zhao, Sandy Yili.;

  • 作者单位

    Yale University.;

  • 授予单位 Yale University.;
  • 学科 Sociology.;Slavic studies.;Law.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 208 p.
  • 总页数 208
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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