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首页> 外文学位 >Structural organization of the connections between neurons of the paraventricular and lateral hypothalamic regions in the adult male rat.
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Structural organization of the connections between neurons of the paraventricular and lateral hypothalamic regions in the adult male rat.

机译：成年雄性大鼠脑室旁和下丘脑外侧区域神经元之间连接的结构组织。

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摘要

The hypothalamus is a major integrator of homeostatic signals in the brain; within the hypothalamus, there are sub-regions with specific roles in regulating energy balance. For example, the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) has been classically associated with feeding behaviors, and contains two major orexigenic cell populations expressing the neuropeptides melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) or hypocretin 1/orexin A (H/O). Similarly, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) integrates information to mediate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses related to ingestive behaviors. The PVH has also been implicated directly in the control of feeding. However, the precise structural and functional interactions between these two hypothalamic regions have not been fully established.;In the present study, neuroanatomical tract tracing techniques were employed to target a cocktail of anterograde and retrograde tracers, Phaseolus vulgaris- leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) and cholera toxin subunit B (CtB), respectively; or only the retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG), into the PVH. The resulting pattern of labeled neurons and fibers within the forebrain was then visualized, analyzed and mapped; with special attention to the LHA. Multi-fluorescence immunohistochemistry and confocal/wide-field imaging were used to identify tracer-filled cell bodies expressing the calcium-binding protein, calbindin (CaBn), H/O, or MCH; or a combination of these markers. The distribution of these neuronal populations was mapped to a canonical rat brain atlas.;Retrogradely filled cells were found in the LHA mainly on the side ipsilateral to the PVH injection site. The majority of these cells were in the suprafornical, juxtadorsomedial, and the juxtaventromedial (dorsal and ventral zones) sub-regions. In addition, the dorsomedial, ventromedial, and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei; and posterior hypothalamus also contained abundant retrogradely labeled neurons. While only some of the retrogradely filled neurons were H/O- immunoreactive (-ir) or MCH-ir, many more co-expressed CaBn; of these, a small percentage was also H/O-ir.;The results just described corroborate several published investigations where anterogradely transported tracers were used to identify PVH afferents, and identify for the first time (a) novel CaBn-expressing neuronal population(s) sending axonal projections to the PVH; these neurons are distributed widely throughout the LHA and other hypothalamic regions. Projections from these areas might be involved in the modulation of ingestive, neuroendocrine, and pre-autonomic functions, and may have a role in orchestrating reproductive behaviors as well. Previous work demonstrates that CaBn functions intracellularly within certain hypothalamic neurons to modulate firing rates through its direct Ca2+-buffering actions. Thus, in addition to providing the first high-resolution maps for this novel group of neurons, this work suggests that these neurons are likely to have unique firing patterns that might confer specific and perhaps unique functional properties to those neurons modulating PVH function.;In addition, a PHA-L/CtB injection site confined exclusively to the periventricular part of the PVH (PVHpv) and anterior part of the periventricular hypothalamus (PVa), a region that harbors a somatostatin-expressing neuronal population, enabled characterization of the afferents and efferents for this PVH sub-region for the first time at high resolution. Projections to the PVHpv/PVa were found to originate mainly from several hypothalamic nuclei. First, confirming anterograde analysis of ventral premammillary (PMv) projections, robustly labeled, retrogradely filled neurons were found within the PMv. Second, several additional hypothalamic regions also displayed retrogradely labeled neurons, including the arcuate nucleus, the dorsomedial and ventromedial nuclei of the hypothalamus, and the LHA. Back-filled neurons were also found in the ventral part of the orbitofrontal cortex. The axonal projections of the PVHpv/PVa, in turn, target mainly different hypothalamic regions; most remarkable are the projections to the median eminence. Efferents to hindbrain regions include dense projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract. Collectively, the data suggest that PVHpv/PVa neurons exert a complex control of growth and reproductive function through the release of key signals. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
机译：下丘脑是大脑中稳态信号的主要整合者。在下丘脑内，有一些区域在调节能量平衡中具有特定作用。例如，下丘脑外侧区域（LHA）通常与进食行为相关，并且包含两个主要的致异性细胞群，它们表达神经肽黑色素浓缩激素（MCH）或降钙素1 / orexin A（H / O）。同样，下丘脑室旁核（PVH）整合信息以介导与摄食行为有关的神经内分泌和自主神经反应。 PVH也直接与进料的控制有关。然而，这两个下丘脑区域之间的精确结构和功能相互作用尚未完全建立。；在本研究中，神经解剖学示踪技术被用于靶向顺行和逆行示踪剂菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin）（PHA-L）的混合物。和霍乱毒素亚基B（CtB）；或仅将逆行示踪剂Fluorogold（FG）插入PVH。然后可视化，分析和绘制前脑内标记神经元和纤维的最终模式；特别注意LHA。使用多荧光免疫组织化学和共聚焦/宽视野成像来鉴定表达钙结合蛋白，钙结合蛋白（CaBn），H / O或MCH的示踪剂填充的细胞体。或这些标记的组合。这些神经元种群的分布被映射到典型的大鼠脑图集。；在LHA中发现逆行填充的细胞，主要在PVH注射部位的同侧。这些细胞中的大多数位于上，上，后静脉（背区和腹区）子区域。此外，背体，腹膜和弓状下丘脑核；下丘脑后部也含有丰富的逆行标记神经元。虽然只有一些逆行填充的神经元具有H / O免疫反应性（-ir）或MCH-ir，但更多的是共表达的CaBn。其中，一小部分也是H / O-ir .;刚刚描述的结果证实了一些已发表的研究，其中使用顺行转运示踪剂鉴定PVH传入，并首次鉴定（a）表达CaBn的新型神经元群体（ s）向PVH发送轴突投影；这些神经元广泛分布在整个LHA和其他下丘脑区域。这些领域的预测可能与摄食，神经内分泌和自主神经功能的调节有关，也可能在协调生殖行为中发挥作用。先前的研究表明，CaBn在某些下丘脑神经元内在细胞内起作用，以通过其直接的Ca2 +缓冲作用来调节放电速率。因此，除了为这种新颖的神经元组提供第一张高分辨率图之外，这项工作还表明这些神经元可能具有独特的放电模式，这些模式可能赋予那些调节PVH功能的神经元特定且也许独特的功能特性。此外，PHA-L / CtB注射部位仅局限在PVH（PVHpv）的脑室周围部分和丘脑下丘脑（PVa）的前部区域，该区域具有表达生长抑素的神经元群体，从而能够表征传入和传入的首次以高分辨率发送到该PVH子区域。发现对PVHpv / PVa的投影主要源自几个下丘脑核。首先，确认腹侧前乳腺（PMv）投影的顺行性分析，在PMv中发现了标记牢固，逆行填充的神经元。其次，另外几个下丘脑区域也显示了逆行标记的神经元，包括弓形核，下丘脑的背核和腹侧核以及LHA。在眶额皮质的腹侧部分也发现了回充神经元。 PVHpv / PVa的轴突投影反过来主要针对不同的下丘脑区域。最引人注目的是对中位数突出的预测。后脑区域的传出包括向孤立道核的密集投影。总体而言，数据表明，PVHpv / PVa神经元通过释放关键信号而对生长和生殖功能施加复杂的控制。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）。

著录项

  • 作者

    De Haro, Berenise.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas at El Paso.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas at El Paso.;
  • 学科 Neurosciences.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 97 p.
  • 总页数 97
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 语言学;
  • 关键词

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