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Eco-evolutionary factors drive herbivore-induced plant volatiles, which intercept plant defense.

机译：生态进化因素驱动草食动物诱导的植物挥发物，从而阻止植物防御。

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摘要

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) mediate a wide variety of interactions in ecosystems. However, many volatile compounds are found across plant taxa, and some are exploited to attract natural enemies for biological control. Subtle changes in HIPV blends can produce profound changes in the behavior of predators, parasitoids and herbivores, and may also alter the defensive processes of neighboring plants. I investigated different ecological and evolutionary factors to understand how plant volatile emissions are affected by feeding guild, herbivore diet breadth and domestication. I meta-analyzed 109 studies and found that specialists induce more total volatiles than generalists. Domesticated species have stronger green-leaf volatile induction that wild plants. Chewers induce more volatiles than sap-feeders in most biochemical classes except benzenoids/phenylpropanoids. Particularly, sap-feeders induce more methyl salicylate (MeSA) than chewers. MeSA is of particular interest because it is used commercially as a predator lure; it is the volatile analog of the phytohormone salicylic acid, and provokes strong responses in natural enemies. However, I hypothesized that exposure to MeSA may have unintended consequences on plant defensive pathways. In a field experiment, I investigated interactive effects of MeSA exposure and herbivory on proteins associated with plant defense, herbivore performance, and pathogen resistance. I found that MeSA increased plant resistance to a chewing herbivore, Manduca sexta, and improved resistance to secondary pathogen infection by 25%. This common volatile signal, which is often emitted in response to sap-feeding and other salicylic acid-associated attacks, may not compromise resistance to chewing herbivores due to tradeoffs in guild-specific expression of defensive compounds, and may also buffer against opportunistic pathogens.
机译：草食动物引起的植物挥发物（HIPV）介导了生态系统中各种各样的相互作用。但是，在植物类群中发现了许多挥发性化合物，有些化合物被用来吸引天敌以进行生物防治。 HIPV混合物的细微变化可对捕食者，寄生性动物和草食动物的行为产生深远的影响，也可能改变邻近植物的防御过程。我调查了不同的生态和进化因素，以了解行会，草食动物的饮食宽度和驯化如何影响植物挥发物的排放。我对109项研究进行了荟萃分析，发现专家比通才诱导出更多的总挥发物。驯化物种比野生植物具有更强的绿叶挥发诱导能力。在大多数生化类别中，咀嚼物会比树汁喂食器诱发更多的挥发物，除了苯并类化合物/苯丙烷类化合物。特别地，汁液给料器比咀嚼剂诱导更多的水杨酸甲酯（MeSA）。 MeSA特别令人感兴趣，因为它在商业上被用作捕食者的诱饵。它是植物激素水杨酸的挥发性类似物，在天敌中引起强烈反应。但是，我假设暴露于MeSA可能会对植物防御途径产生意想不到的后果。在田间实验中，我研究了MeSA暴露和食草动物对与植物防御，食草动物性能和病原体抗性相关的蛋白质的相互作用。我发现MeSA将植物对咀嚼草食动物的性繁殖力（Manduca sexta）的抵抗力提高了25％，对次生病原体感染的抵抗力提高了25％。这种常见的挥发性信号通常是响应于汁液喂养和其他水杨酸相关的攻击而发出的，由于在防御性化合物的行会专用表达中需要权衡取舍，因此可能不会损害对咀嚼草食动物的抵抗力，并且还可能缓冲机会病原体。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rowen, Elizabeth K.;

  • 作者单位

    Purdue University.;

  • 授予单位 Purdue University.;
  • 学科 Entomology.;Botany.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 91 p.
  • 总页数 91
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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