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首页> 外文学位 >Reproductive biology, trophic ecology, and ecomorphology of a group of neotropical livebearers (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) in contrasting wet and dry environments.
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Reproductive biology, trophic ecology, and ecomorphology of a group of neotropical livebearers (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) in contrasting wet and dry environments.

机译：在潮湿和干燥的环境中，一组新热带生物的繁殖生物学，营养生态学和生态形态（鲤齿科：Poeciliidae）。

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摘要

The ability of organisms to positively respond to shifts in past climates has been historically crucial for their survival. Similarly, it is essential that organisms adapt to the rapidly changing contemporary climate. Precipitation patterns are predicted to shift, and some areas that were wet in the past, will become dry. The study investigated the influence of precipitation on reproductive biology, trophic ecology, and ecomorphology by contrasting eight species of euryhaline fishes, Poecilia, across wet Central America and dry northern South America.;A time-calibrated phylogeny was constructed, and revealed that South America was invaded multiple times by Poecilia. Female-standard length was related to female-reproductive traits. The large-wet-regime females had larger offspring, while the small-dry-regime females were more fecund. Dry-regime species exhibited larger and more variable core niches, compared to the wet-regime species. Using whole-body, head, and jaw morphologies, species clustered according to precipitation regime, which suggested that physiological responses differed in accordance with environmental regimes. Feeding-ecology traits were significantly correlated with morphology, and showed an association between short guts, C4 habitats, and high-trophic levels with dry-regime species. Scaling of variances of life-history traits showed that most ecological traits structured mid to low in spatial scale, suggesting that the differences in traits were evenly distributed across the region, and allowed for many slightly-differing subpopulations.;Most life-history traits of the wet-regime populations were highly variable (except trophic niches), and overlapped the traits of the dry-regime populations. Although, trophic-niche variability in the wet regime was low, there was overlap in core-niches across precipitation regimes, high variability in ecomorphology, and potential for unobserved wet-regime-trophic niches. This suggests that the variability that was present may be sufficient for the wet-regime species to trophically transition to xeric environments. Therefore, in scenarios of future shifts in precipitation regimes, it appears that the wet-regime species may be primed for adaptation, as they already possessed many of the traits conducive to survival under dry conditions. Especially since wet-regime reproductive and ecomorphological traits had large variances that would be amendable, and would respond well, to varying external pressures, then given adequate time these species will adjust to those changing conditions.
机译：从历史上看，生物体对过去气候变化做出积极反应的能力对其生存至关重要。同样，有机体必须适应迅速变化的当代气候。预计降水形式会发生变化，并且某些过去潮湿的地区将变得干燥。该研究通过对比中美洲湿润和南美洲北部干旱地区的八种淡水鱼类Poecilia，调查了降水对生殖生物学，营养生态学和生态形态的影响；构建了经过时间校准的系统发育史，并揭示了南美被Poecilia多次入侵。女性标准长度与女性生殖特征有关。大湿型女性的后代较大，而小干型女性的后代较多。与湿态物种相比，干态物种表现出更大和更多的核心生态位。利用全身，头部和下颌的形态，物种根据降水状况聚集，这表明生理反应根据环境状况而不同。摄食生态特征与形态显着相关，并显示短肠，C4栖息地和高营养水平与旱地物种之间的关联。生命历史特征方差的按比例缩放表明，大多数生态特征在空间尺度上由中到低构成，这表明该特征的差异在整个区域内均匀分布，并允许许多稍有不同的亚种群。湿润地区的种群高度可变（营养小生境除外），并且与干旱地区的种群特征重叠。尽管湿润地区的营养生态位变异性较低，但整个降水方式中核心生态位却存在重叠，生态形态的高变异性以及未观测到的湿润地区营养位的潜力。这表明存在的变异性可能足以使湿润地区物种营养性地过渡到干旱环境。因此，在未来降水方式发生变化的情况下，似乎湿态物种可能已准备好适应气候变化，因为它们已经具有许多有利于在干燥条件下生存的特性。尤其是由于湿润地区的生殖和生态形态特征具有很大的差异，可以对外部压力的变化进行修正并很好地做出响应，因此，只要有足够的时间，这些物种就会适应这些变化的条件。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ho, Adeljean Loong Fat Clemen.;

  • 作者单位

    Florida Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予单位 Florida Institute of Technology.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Morphology.;Evolution development.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 253 p.
  • 总页数 253
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农学（农艺学）;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:52:48

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