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Foreign Influence: Thomas Jefferson and the Thinkers of the French Revolutionary Era.

机译：外国影响力：托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson）和法国革命时期的思想家。

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摘要

The American Revolution of 1776 and French Revolution of 1789 have long been associated with each other, both by historians and popularly. The two events resulted from highly similar causes: they were the responses of two enraged populaces to the overbearing, unjust, and oppressive rule of their respective governments. The two also similarly grew out of the body of recent socio-political thinking that had arisen during the Age of Enlightenment, spurred by thinkers such as Locke, Rousseau, Bacon, Hobbes, and Descartes, centered largely around newly developed political precepts including equality of persons, sovereignty of the populace rather than the monarch, representative government, and fundamental human rights. Rather than merely being largely independent manifestations of that collection of politico-philosophical thought, the two movements substantially were directly connected in a number of significant ways. One of the primary and most significant direct links was provided by Thomas Jefferson.;Jefferson's central role and immense contribution to the American effort is, of course, axiomatic; his contributions to and influence on the proceedings in France, while far less well recognized and remembered popularly, were substantive nonetheless. Jefferson was neither the cause nor the catalyst for the eruption of events in France, but his words and actions provided considerable influence in the shaping of that process, in ways both direct and indirect. Jefferson's writings prior to and during the American movement, particularly the Declaration of Independence, were widely known in France and inspirational to significant portions of the French populace. On an even more immediate and direct basis, Jefferson spent the five years leading up to the outbreak of the French Revolution, in Paris as American minister plenipotentiary to France. During that time, he corresponded and met regularly with a number of the principal French leaders of factions driving for political reform, including Lafayette, Condorcet, La Rochefoucauld, and Mirabeau, advising and influencing them in a wide variety of matters of social and political philosophy and governance.;Jefferson's influence may be seen in the fact that many of the reform demands that were made, and principals that were espoused by reformers, mirrored American precepts in general, and his own in particular. The echoes between the principles expressed in the French Declaration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen, and its predecessor, Jefferson's American Declaration, for example, are numerous. In return, Jefferson was himself significantly influenced by his time in France -- by the nature of the situation, the conditions endured by the populace, and the ideas of his French counterparts -- experiences which would prove over time to contribute to the shaping of his own socio-political beliefs and actions throughout the remainder of his political career. The two revolutions were by no means entirely disconnected affairs, but were substantively linked to each other -- particularly through the personal presence of Thomas Jefferson in each movement -- in spirit, in principles, in accomplishment, and in significant degrees of reciprocal influence on each other.
机译：长期以来，历史学家和大众都将1776年的美国革命和1789年的法国革命联系在一起。这两个事件是由高度相似的原因引起的：它们是两个激怒的民众对各自政府霸道，不公正和压迫性统治的反应。两者也同样源于启蒙时代，在洛克，卢梭，培根，霍布斯和笛卡尔等思想家的推动下，产生于最近的社会政治思想，这些思想主要围绕着新发展的政治戒律，包括人，人民的主权而不是君主，代议制政府和基本人权。这两个运动不仅只是很大程度上是政治哲学思想的独立体现，而且在许多重要方面基本上是直接联系在一起的。托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson）提供了最主要和最直接的直接联系之一；杰斐逊对美国努力的中心作用和巨大贡献当然是公理的；尽管他对法国诉讼的贡献和影响虽然不那么广为人知并广为人知，但仍然是实质性的。杰斐逊既不是法国爆发事件的原因也不是催化剂，但他的言行举止以直接和间接的方式对这一过程的形成产生了重大影响。杰斐逊在美国运动之前和期间的著作，特别是《独立宣言》，在法国广为人知，并启发了法国民众的重要部分。在更直接和直接的基础上，杰斐逊在法国大革命爆发前的五年中，在巴黎担任美国全权代表法国大臣。在此期间，他与拉法耶特（Lafayette），孔多塞（Condorcet），拉罗什富卡（La Rochefoucauld）和米拉博（Mirabeau）等推动政治改革的法国主要派系领导人进行了通讯并定期会晤，为他们提供各种社会政治哲学方面的建议和影响力杰斐逊的影响力可以从以下事实中看到，即提出了许多改革要求，以及改革者拥护的原则，总体上反映了美国的戒律，特别是他自己的戒律。例如，《法国人称同等权利的法国宣言》所表达的原则与其前身杰斐逊的《美国宣言》之间的呼应就很多。作为回报，杰斐逊本人受到他在法国的时间的重大影响，包括局势的性质，平民所承受的条件以及法国同行的想法，这些经验将随着时间的流逝而逐渐形成。在他的政治生涯的其余部分中，他自己的社会政治信仰和行动。两次革命绝不是完全无关紧要的事务，而是实质性地彼此联系在一起的-尤其是通过托马斯·杰斐逊在每个运动中的亲身经历-在精神，原则，成就和对……的重大相互影响上彼此。

著录项

  • 作者

    Schroeppel, Steven James.;

  • 作者单位

    Georgetown University.;

  • 授予单位 Georgetown University.;
  • 学科 Philosophy.;European history.;Political science.;American history.
  • 学位 M.A.L.S.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 120 p.
  • 总页数 120
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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