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Nematicidal activity of extracts from Phytolacca americana on five plant-pathogenic nematode species of economic importance.

机译：美洲疫霉提取物对五种具有经济重要性的植物致病线虫物种的杀线虫活性。

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摘要

Plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant losses to plant agriculture annually. The limited availability and high cost of synthetic nematicides, along with the environmental risks associated with their use, have created a renewed interest in the search for alternative management tactics. One such alternative tactic is the use of plant extracts. The focus of this research is the evaluation of the nematicidal activity of water extracts from Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana). In vitro and greenhouse tests were performed to evaluate the effects of the extracts on five species of plant-pathogenic nematodes of economic importance: Aphelenchoides fragariae, Ditylenchus dispsaci, Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus penetrans, and Rotylenchulus reniformis. Chapter 1 describes an in vitro method for screening of compounds in aqueous suspensions, using small volumes. The results show differential susceptibility of three species of nematodes to oxamyl, the carbamate nematicide used as positive control. The mode of action of oxamyl is through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The marked differences in the inhibition potency of oxamyl on AChE of D. dipsaci, P. penetrans and A. fragariae are discussed. Chapter 2 reports the results of screening for nematicidal activity of extracts from six plants: Aloe barbadensis (aloe), Ilex opaca (American holly), Nerium oleander (oleander), Phytolacca Americana (pokeweed), Pueraria montana (kudzu), and Quercus shumardii (red oak). Different plant parts and two extraction methods were evaluated for each plant species on three nematode species. Results showed that extracts from pokeweed leaves were the only ones with consistently high activity against the three nematode species. Additionally, different solvents were evaluated for extraction of compounds from pokeweed leaves, including acetone, ethanol, and methanol. Chapter 3 evaluates water extracts from pokeweed leaves in the greenhouse for activity against R. reniformis and M. incognita on soybean plants. Greenhouse results show the extracts are a promising alternative for management of M. incognita. Extracts were analyzed by chromatography for identification of prominent compounds with reported activity against other microorganisms. Two of the compounds identified, astragalin and chlorogenic acid, were evaluated in vitro individually, but did not show nematicidal activity at the concentrations present in the extracts. Based on in vitro and greenhouse assays, we conclude that pokeweed leaf extracts show nematicidal activity that could be incorporated in an integrated pest management plan for several plant-pathogenic nematode species.
机译：每年，植物寄生线虫对植物农业造成重大损失。合成杀线虫剂的有限的可获得性和高成本以及与其使用相关的环境风险，引起了人们对寻找替代管理策略的新兴趣。一种这样的替代策略是使用植物提取物。这项研究的重点是评估美洲商陆（Phytolacca americana）水提取物的杀线虫活性。进行了体外和温室试验，以评估提取物对五种具有重要经济意义的植物致病线虫的影响：短叶香线虫，Ditylenchus dispsaci，Meloidogyne incognita，Pratylenchus penetrans和Rotylenchulus reniformis。第1章介绍了使用小体积筛选水性悬浮液中化合物的体外方法。结果表明三种线虫对氨基甲酸酯类杀线虫剂草酰戊酰胺的阳性敏感性不同。乙酰胺的作用方式是通过抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）。讨论了草酰甲醛对D. dipsaci，P.penetrans和A. fragariae的AChE的抑制效力的显着差异。第2章报告了对6种植物提取物的杀线虫活性的筛选结果：芦荟（aloe），冬青树（Ilex opaca）（美洲冬青树），夹竹桃（夹竹桃），美国植物（Phytolacca Americana）（商陆），葛根（Pueraria montana）（kudzu）和栎（Quercus shumardii） （红橡木）。针对三种线虫物种的每种植物，评估了不同的植物部位和两种提取方法。结果表明，从商陆叶片中提取的提取物是唯一对三种线虫一直具有高活性的提取物。另外，评估了不同溶剂从商陆叶片中提取化合物的方法，包括丙酮，乙醇和甲醇。第3章评估了温室中的商陆叶中的水提取物对大豆植物上的黑麦草和隐孢子虫的活性。温室结果表明，该提取物是管理隐隐念珠菌的有前途的替代品。通过色谱法分析提取物以鉴定具有报道的针对其他微生物的活性的显着化合物。分别在体外评估了鉴定出的两种化合物黄芪素和绿原酸，但在提取物中存在的浓度下未显示出杀线虫活性。根据体外和温室分析，我们得出结论，商陆叶提取物显示出杀线虫活性，可以将其纳入几种植物致病线虫物种的综合害虫管理计划中。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ahmed, Saleh Mokhtar.;

  • 作者单位

    Clemson University.;

  • 授予单位 Clemson University.;
  • 学科 Plant pathology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 94 p.
  • 总页数 94
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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