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Intergenerational Income Mobility in China and its Implications for Education Finance Policy.

机译：中国的代际收入流动性及其对教育财政政策的启示。

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摘要

Intergenerational income mobility is of great societal importance due to its relevance to equal socio-economic opportunity and future economic efficiency.;In Chapter 3, I utilize a recent comprehensive household survey (which offers detailed information on individuals' demographic and economic situations), together with a longitudinal nation-wide survey, to measure the extent to which economic status is transmitted from one generation to another in China. I find statistically significant evidence that income is correlated across generations for individuals born in the 1970s and 1980s, and that, for certain groups, intergenerational income mobility tends to decrease over time.;In Chapter 4, I examine the mechanisms of intergenerational income persistence, mainly focusing on the role of education in promoting or reducing intergenerational income mobility. A counterfactual-decomposition method is employed in this part to estimate the proportion of intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) that can be explained by one's education attainment with different measures. In addition, the overall education contribution is further decomposed into a supply-side effect describing the relationship between family income and education attainment, and a demand-side effect describing the relationship between education attainment and labor market returns. My results suggest that education attainment plays a very important role in intergenerational income persistence for individuals born in the 1970s, but explains no more than 20% of the intergenerational income relationship for those born in the 1980s. While the demand-side effect dominates the contribution of education for the post-70s generation, the supply-side effect (the economic constraints found in education attainment) dominates the contribution of education for the post-80s generation.;In Chapter 5, I discuss the role of education financial indicators in reducing economic constraints on higher education attainment, and thus indirectly promoting intergenerational income mobility in China. The evidence regarding economic constrains shows a strong relationship between family income and education attainment at both the high school and higher education stages, which implies that economic constraints on higher education enrollment emerge earlier on the post-compulsory education pathway -- specifically, when students transition from junior high school to high school. The results for the impact of education financial indicators show that the net cost of higher education plays an important role in reducing economic constraints on higher education enrollment, and that the structure of governmental investment at different stages of education influences economic constraints on high school enrollment.;This dissertation investigates the extent to which intergenerational income persists in China, the mechanisms behind intergenerational inequality, and premises for policy intervention. This dissertation consists of three separate empirical studies. The first one examines the relationship between parents' income and the long-term welfare of their children for birth cohorts (The post-70s and the post-80s generation) in China. The second empirical study explores the role education attainment plays in the intergenerational income relationship. The third one seeks possible policy intervention channels to facilitate intergenerational income mobility.;This dissertation contributes to the extant international discussion by providing evidence on intergenerational income mobility and its longitudinal trend in the Chinese context. The interaction between families, labor markets, and public policies that structure a child's opportunities and determine the extent to which income is related to family background are discussed in detail. This dissertation also provides guidance for policymakers attempting to develop more appropriate public policies to promote intergenerational income mobility in China.
机译：由于代际收入流动与平等的社会经济机会和未来的经济效率相关，因此具有重要的社会意义。在第3章中，我利用了最近的综合家庭调查（该调查提供了有关个人的人口和经济状况的详细信息），通过全国范围的纵向调查，来衡量经济状况在中国一代之间传递给另一代的程度。我发现具有统计学意义的证据表明，1970年代和1980年代出生的人的收入与各代人相关，并且对于某些群体而言，代际收入的流动性往往会随着时间的流逝而减少。；在第4章中，我研究了代际收入持久性的机制，主要侧重于教育在促进或减少代际收入流动方面的作用。本部分采用反事实分解法来估计代际收入弹性（IGE）的比例，该比例可以用一个人的受教育程度用不同的方法来解释。此外，总的教育贡献还进一步分解为描述家庭收入与教育程度之间关系的供给侧效应，和描述教育程度与劳动力市场回报之间关系的需求侧效应。我的研究结果表明，受教育程度在1970年代出生的人的代际收入持久性中起着非常重要的作用，但对于1980年代出生的人来说，受教育程度却不超过其20％。需求方面的影响主导了70年代后一代的教育贡献，而供给方面的影响（受教育程度方面的经济制约）则主导了80年代后一代的教育贡献。讨论了教育财务指标在减少对高等教育成绩的经济限制，从而间接促进中国代际收入流动方面的作用。有关经济限制的证据表明，在高中和高等教育阶段，家庭收入与受教育程度之间有很强的关系，这意味着对高等教育入学的经济限制是在义务教育后的道路上较早出现的，特别是当学生过渡时从初中到高中。教育财政指标影响的结果表明，高等教育的净成本在减少经济方面的限制对高等教育入学率方面起着重要作用，并且在不同教育阶段的政府投资结构会影响对高中入学率的经济约束。 ；本文研究了中国代际收入持续存在的程度，代际不平等背后的机制以及政策干预的前提。本文由三个独立的实证研究组成。第一个研究考察了中国父母的收入与子女的长期福利之间的关系（出生于70年代后和80年代后）。第二项实证研究探讨了教育程度在代际收入关系中的作用。第三部分寻求可能的政策干预渠道，以促进代际收入流动。本文通过提供有关代际收入流动及其在中国背景下的纵向趋势的证据，为现有的国际讨论做出了贡献。详细讨论了家庭，劳动力市场以及构成儿童机会并确定收入与家庭背景相关程度的公共政策之间的相互作用。本论文也为决策者制定更加合适的公共政策以促进中国代际收入流动提供指导。

著录项

  • 作者

    Hou, Yuna.;

  • 作者单位

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong).;

  • 授予单位 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong).;
  • 学科 Education policy.;Education finance.;Public policy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 219 p.
  • 总页数 219
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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