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HIV Infection and its association with Caries and the Salivary Microbiota in Nigerian Children aged 6 to 72 months.

机译：6到72个月大的尼日利亚儿童中的HIV感染及其与龋齿和唾液微生物群的关系。

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摘要

Background: Studies have shown that HIV infected individuals are more likely to present with dental caries suggesting a disruption in the oral microbiome with declining immune status. However, the association between HIV infection/exposure, caries and salivary bacterial composition and diversity in young Nigerian children has not been established in literature.;Objectives: The objectives of this study were to compare 1) prevalence of caries and 2) bacterial diversity indices in HIV infected (HI) and HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) children with HIV unexposed and uninfected (HUU) children.;Methods: These groups of study participants were examined orally to determine prevalence of caries. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed to determine microbiota diversity (specifically Shannon diversity indices) and composition using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Demographic, birth/delivery, clinical, diet and oral hygiene information were collected through a standardized questionnaire.;Results: Compared to HUU children, HI children were more likely to present with caries and other oral diseases. After controlling for significant confounders, we observed significantly higher odds of caries in the HI group compared to the HUU group. HEU children had higher, but not significant, odds for caries within adjusted analyses. Other factors significantly associated with higher caries prevalence include older age, long duration of breastfeeding, low CD4 counts and percentage, and spontaneous membrane rupture during delivery. Although HEU children had lower microbial diversity indices, they did not significantly differ across study groups; however, young age and poor immune status were significantly associated with lower diversity indices within an adjusted analysis. We observed some minor but significant differences in the salivary microbial composition across study groups.;Conclusions: Study findings support the growing evidence that HIV infected children are at an increased odds of presenting with caries and other oral diseases even when receiving antiretroviral treatment. We found that immune status plays a stronger role in influencing salivary bacterial composition and diversity, possibly affecting caries risk in this population of Nigerian children. There is need to further explore the responses of the oral microbiota to changes in the immune system over time as well as the influence of birth/delivery factors.
机译：背景：研究表明，感染艾滋病毒的人更容易出现龋齿，这表明口腔微生物组受到破坏，免疫力下降。然而，尚未在文献中确定艾滋病毒感染/暴露，龋齿和唾液细菌组成与多样性之间的关联。目的：本研究的目的是比较1）龋病的流行率和2）细菌多样性指数HIV感染（HI）和HIV暴露但未感染（HEU）的儿童与HIV未暴露和未感染（HUU）的儿童。方法：对这些研究参与者进行口服检查以确定龋齿的患病率。使用高通量16S rRNA基因测序，收集并分析唾液样品，以确定微生物群多样性（特别是Shannon多样性指数）和组成。通过标准化调查表收集人口统计学，出生/分娩，临床，饮食和口腔卫生信息。结果：与HUU儿童相比，HI儿童患龋齿和其他口腔疾病的可能性更高。在控制了显着的混杂因素之后，我们发现HI组的龋齿几率比HUU组高得多。在调整后的分析中，HEU儿童的龋齿几率较高，但并不显着。与龋齿患病率较高显着相关的其他因素包括年龄较大，母乳喂养时间长，CD4计数和百分比低以及分娩过程中自发性膜破裂。尽管HEU儿童的微生物多样性指数较低，但在各研究组中他们之间没有显着差异。然而，在调整后的分析中，低龄和免疫状况差与多样性指数较低显着相关。我们观察到各研究组的唾液微生物组成存在一些细微但重要的差异。结论：研究结果支持了越来越多的证据表明，即使接受抗逆转录病毒治疗，感染艾滋病毒的儿童也更容易出现龋齿和其他口腔疾病。我们发现免疫状态在影响唾液细菌组成和多样性方面起着更重要的作用，可能影响这一尼日利亚儿童人群的龋齿风险。需要进一步探索口腔微生物群对免疫系统随时间变化的反应以及出生/分娩因子的影响。

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  • 作者

    Coker, Modupe O.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Maryland, Baltimore.;

  • 授予单位 University of Maryland, Baltimore.;
  • 学科 Epidemiology.;Dentistry.;Medicine.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2015
  • 页码 188 p.
  • 总页数 188
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 地球物理学;
  • 关键词

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