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Taking Labor to Task: Three Essays in Labor Economics Employing the Task Approach

机译：使劳动承担任务：采用劳动任务方法的劳动经济学三篇论文

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摘要

This dissertation employs the "Task-Approach" to study how tasks impact different facets of the labor market. The first study explores heterogeneity in task costs associated with occupational choice. Exploiting variation in occupational task measures, I construct a measure of task dissimilarity to estimate transition task costs of displaced workers. I find evidence of heterogeneity in task costs across individual task measures. Worker characteristics are also shown to be a source of heterogeneity in the cost estimates. Notably, the types of tasks we generally associate with low, middle, and high-skilled workers performing the most are the dimensions of task costs that are least costly when switching occupations. Furthermore, I find supporting evidence that task costs vary over the business cycle. The second study builds on the concept of occupational dissimilarity using the "Task-Approach." A novel method measuring occupational isolation in local labor markets is presented to show associations with isolation and occupation level wages. On average, wages are lower in occupations that are more isolated. Furthermore, the findings suggest greater wage volatility in isolated occupations. Finally, using occupational task rankings of U.S. occupations as a previously unexplored methodology measuring returns to international task-specific human capital of new immigrant workers in the U.S. shows that returns to high-skilled related task-specific experience are both statistically and economically significant. Also, new immigrants receive statistically and economically significant returns to source country occupation-specific experience.
机译：本文采用“任务方法”研究任务如何影响劳动力市场的各个方面。第一项研究探讨了与职业选择相关的任务成本的异质性。利用职业任务度量中的差异，我构建了任务差异性度量，以估计流离失所工人的过渡任务成本。我发现各个任务度量之间的任务成本存在异质性的证据。在成本估算中，工人的特征也被证明是异质性的来源。值得注意的是，我们通常与表现最出色的低，中，高技能工人相关的任务类型是任务成本，而这些成本在转换职业时成本最低。此外，我发现支持证据表明任务成本在整个业务周期中会有所不同。第二项研究建立在使用“任务方法”的职业差异性概念上。提出了一种测量本地劳动力市场职业隔离度的新方法，以显示与隔离度和职业水平工资的关联。平均而言，比较孤立的职业的工资较低。此外，研究结果表明，在孤立的职业中工资波动更大。最后，使用美国职业的职业任务等级作为衡量美国新移民工人国际任务特定人力资本回报率的一种先前未曾探索的方法，表明高技能相关任务特定经验的回报在统计和经济上均具有重要意义。同样，新移民从来源国特定职业的经验中获得统计上和经济上重要的回报。

著录项

  • 作者

    Gibbons, Eric M.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Nevada, Reno.;

  • 授予单位 University of Nevada, Reno.;
  • 学科 Labor economics.;Economics.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 200 p.
  • 总页数 200
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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