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首页> 外文学位 >Understanding the effects of blast wave on the intracranial pressure and Traumatic Brain Injury in rodents and humans using experimental shock tube and numerical simulations.
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Understanding the effects of blast wave on the intracranial pressure and Traumatic Brain Injury in rodents and humans using experimental shock tube and numerical simulations.

机译：使用实验电击管和数值模拟了解爆炸波对啮齿动物和人类颅内压和颅脑外伤的影响。

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摘要

Blast induced neurotrauma (BINT) has been designated as the "signature injury" to warfighters in the recent military conflicts. In the past decade, conflicts in Iraq (operation Iraqi freedom) and Afghanistan (operation enduring freedom) as well as the increasing burden of the terrorism around the world resulted in an increased number of cases with blast Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI). Recently, a lot of research has been done to study the neurological and neurochemical degenerations resulting from BINT using animal models especially rat models. However, it is not clear how and whether the biological outcomes from animal models can be translated to humans; this work is aimed to address this issue.;In this dissertation, the criteria for achieving a standardized methodology to produce shock blast waves are identified. Firstly, shock tube adjustable parameters (SAPs) such as breech length, type of gas and membrane thickness were used for controlling and producing desired blast waves by manipulating shock wave parameters (SWPs). Secondly, using a surrogate head model, the data from the laboratory experiments were compared with experimental data obtained from the field explosions data to show the validity of the laboratory experiments. Finally, effect of test section location on the fidelity of the rat model in simulating field conditions was studied. Through these steps a standardized and accurate method of replicating the field blast was established.;Using the standardized methodology to model blast waves, the intracranial pressure for various incident pressures on the rat model was studied. Furthermore, to understand the mechanisms of loading and to study the influence of field variables, a finite element model of rat along with the simple ellipsoidal model was developed. With these models, the variables that influence the intracranial pressure such as skull thickness, skull modulus, and skull shape and skull cross section area were studied. Finally, experimental data of intracranial pressure from rat and postmortem human specimen (PMHS) along with their corresponding numerical models were used to develop a model to predict the intracranial pressure. Finally, from this model it was predicted that for the same incident pressure human sustain a higher intracranial pressure than rats, which is contrary to the current scaling law developed to scale injury threshold across species, based on mass.
机译：在最近的军事冲突中，爆炸诱发的神经创伤（BINT）被指定为对战士的“标志性伤害”。在过去的十年中，伊拉克（伊拉克自由行动）和阿富汗（持久自由行动）的冲突以及世界各地恐怖主义负担的增加，导致了爆炸性脑外伤（bTBI）案件的增加。近来，已经进行了许多研究，以使用动物模型特别是大鼠模型来研究由BINT引起的神经和神经化学变性。但是，尚不清楚如何以及是否可以将动物模型的生物学结果转化为人类。本论文旨在解决这一问题。本文确定了实现产生冲击波的标准化方法的标准。首先，通过操纵冲击波参数（SWP），使用冲击管可调参数（SAPs）（例如枪尾长度，气体类型和膜厚）来控制和产生所需的爆炸波。其次，使用代理头模型，将实验室实验的数据与从现场爆炸数据获得的实验数据进行比较，以证明实验室实验的有效性。最后，在模拟田间条件下，研究了试验截面位置对大鼠模型逼真度的影响。通过这些步骤，建立了一种标准化且准确的复制爆炸场的方法。通过使用标准化的方法对爆炸波进行建模，研究了大鼠模型中各种入射压力下的颅内压。此外，为了了解加载的机理并研究场变量的影响，开发了大鼠的有限元模型以及简单的椭圆模型。使用这些模型，研究了影响颅内压的变量，例如颅骨厚度，颅骨模量，颅骨形状和颅骨横截面积。最后，将来自大鼠和死后人体标本（PMHS）的颅内压实验数据及其相应的数值模型用于建立预测颅内压的模型。最后，从该模型可以预测，对于相同的入射压力，人类承受的颅内压要比大鼠高，这与目前制定的根据质量按比例缩放物种间伤害阈值的缩放定律相反。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sundaramurthy, Aravind.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Nebraska - Lincoln.;
  • 学科 Biophysics Biomechanics.;Applied Mechanics.;Military Studies.;Psychology Clinical.;Biology Neuroscience.;Engineering Mechanical.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 197 p.
  • 总页数 197
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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