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首页> 外文学位 >Assessing the impact of biofumigation and anaerobic soil disinfestation on soil biology, nitrogen cycling, crop establishment and yield in vegetable cropping systems.
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Assessing the impact of biofumigation and anaerobic soil disinfestation on soil biology, nitrogen cycling, crop establishment and yield in vegetable cropping systems.

机译：评估生物熏蒸和厌氧土壤消毒对蔬菜种植系统中土壤生物学，氮循环，农作物的形成和产量的影响。

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摘要

The need to develop alternative, environmentally benign pest management practices is one of the major challenges facing agriculture today. Novel alternatives to conventional fumigation practices in horticultural production systems can impact the chemical, biological and physical qualities of the soil in complex ways. Two such practices, biofumigation (BF) and anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) have demonstrated success in controlling certain soilborne pests, although results are often inconsistent. In some cases, negative impacts on crop establishment and yields have been observed following the application of these treatments. The objectives of this research were to: 1) investigate delayed seeding of crops as a method to reduce stand inhibition following BF, 2) monitor the impacts of BF and ASD on nitrogen availability, soil temperatures and microbial activity, and 3) evaluate the impact of BF and ASD on yields of warm season vegetable crops in southern Michigan. Experiments were conducted at the Southwest Michigan Research and Extension Center (Benton Harbor, MI) and the Horticulture Teaching and Research Center (Holt, MI) to address these objectives. In the first experiment, delayed seeding of a susceptible crop (Cucumis melo 'Athena') 10-15 days after BF resulted in satisfactory emergence. Yields of melon decreased significantly as planting date was delayed, however, highlighting the importance of early seeding of long-season vegetable crops during the short growing season of Michigan. In the second experiment, combinations of spring-sown brassica cover crops and plastic mulching treatments were established to evaluate the potential for BF and ASD to improve yields of fresh market tomato (Lycoperison lycopersicum 'Big Beef') and slicing cucumber (Cucumis sativus 'Cortez') while also evaluating the impact on nitrogen availability, soil temperatures and microbial biomass. As a standard ASD control, molassess was added as a carbon source for ASD in 2013 and caused dramatic reductions in N availability for the early part of the growing season while visibly stunting tomato growth. Although cover crop treatments did not significantly impact yields or N availability, black plastic mulch treatments had substantially higher NO3- and NH4+ during and immediately following ASD. Extremely high soil temperatures were also observed under plastic mulches in 2012 and are believed to have caused lower total marketable yields in tomato than bare ground treatments (under which soil temperatures were closer to the optimal root-zone temperatures for tomato growth). Results of this research highlight the importance of understanding how both alternative and commonly utilized cropping practices can influence environmental conditions in vegetable production, while identifying areas that must be addressed to effectively implement BF and ASD in the future for vegetable producers in southwest Michigan.
机译：开发替代的，对环境无害的害虫管理方法的需求是当今农业面临的主要挑战之一。园艺生产系统中常规熏蒸方法的新颖替代品可能以复杂的方式影响土壤的化学，生物学和物理性质。尽管结果往往不一致，但生物熏蒸（BF）和厌氧土壤消毒（ASD）这两种实践已证明可以成功控制某些土壤传播的害虫。在某些情况下，采用这些处理方法后，已观察到对作物产量和单产的负面影响。这项研究的目的是：1）研究延缓作物播种，以减少高炉后对林分的抑制，2）监测高炉和ASD对氮素有效性，土壤温度和微生物活性的影响，以及3）评估影响BF和ASD对密歇根州南部暖季蔬菜作物产量的影响。为了实现这些目标，在西南密歇根州研究与扩展中心（密歇根州本顿港）和园艺教学与研究中心（密歇根州霍尔特）进行了实验。在第一个实验中，高炉后10-15天延迟播种易感作物（Cucumis melo'Athena'）的结果令人满意。随着播种时间的推迟，甜瓜的产量显着下降，但是，这突出了在密歇根州的短生长季节中早播长季节蔬菜作物的重要性。在第二个实验中，建立了春季播种的芸苔覆盖作物与塑料覆盖处理相结合的方法，以评估BF和ASD提高新鲜市场番茄（Lycoperison lycopersicum'Big Beef'）和切黄瓜（Cucumis sativus'Cortez）的潜力。 ），同时评估对氮素有效性，土壤温度和微生物生物量的影响。作为标准的ASD对照，糖蜜在2013年被添加为ASD的碳源，导致生长季节初期氮的有效利用量显着减少，同时明显阻碍了番茄的生长。尽管覆盖作物的处理不会显着影响产量或氮的利用率，但在ASD期间和之后，黑色塑料覆盖物处理的NO3-和NH4 +明显较高。在2012年的塑料覆盖物下也观察到极高的土壤温度，据信与裸露地面处理相比，土壤温度导致番茄的总可销售单产较低（在这种情况下，土壤温度更接近番茄生长的最佳根区温度）。这项研究的结果突出了理解替代和常用种植方式如何影响蔬菜生产中环境条件的重要性，同时确定了密歇根州西南部蔬菜生产者未来必须有效实施BF和ASD的领域。

著录项

  • 作者

    Yoder, Aaron J.;

  • 作者单位

    Michigan State University.;

  • 授予单位 Michigan State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Horticulture.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 85 p.
  • 总页数 85
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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