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Renewable Energy Policy and Governance: The Influence of Stakeholders, State Context and Resource Characteristics

机译：可再生能源政策与治理：利益相关者，国家背景和资源特征的影响

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摘要

as essential to growing domestic and state economies, decreasing reliance on foreign fossil fuels, and providing carbon-free sources of energy to combat climate change. Because fossil fuel-based energy production predominates in the electricity market, many states and nations have resorted to policies that incentivize producers to turn to renewables.;In the absence of strong national policy, many U.S. states have adopted Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) policies requiring electric utilities to generate a minimum percentage of electricity from renewable energy resources, which helps to create a stable and reliable market for renewable energy technologies. While renewable energy offers new possibilities for clean energy generation, it also poses new regulatory and governance challenges, as a wide range of stakeholders, such as electric utilities, regulatory agencies, environmental and consumer advocacy groups, independent power generators, and private citizens, increasingly seek to influence how RPSs are designed and implemented. When and how do these diverse stakeholders participate in renewable energy policy formation and administration? Does it matter for shaping policy outputs?;These three dissertation papers explore the processes by which state-level renewable energy policies are designed and implemented, the opportunities for stakeholders in associated decision-making processes, and whether and how the design of participatory decision-making processes are suited to different decision contexts. It uses a variety of data sources, including interviews conducted in Colorado and Nevada in June 2016, agency documents, news pieces, and scholarly literature. In doing so, this dissertation aims to contribute to applied and scholarly understandings of the role of stakeholders in renewable energy policy and decision-making, an area that has received relatively little attention in scholarly research.;Together, these papers demonstrate unique challenges to renewable electricity governance---there are powerful individuals and groups that influence both policy design and implementation. With few requirements for stakeholder engagement, certain stakeholder groups, namely organized members of the public and renewable energy advocates, currently have limited opportunities to influence decisions, hold decision makers accountable or realize process-related benefits, such as building knowledge and social capital. As a result, the RPS policy may be growing increasingly ineffective in some states (like Nevada) and the exclusion of these stakeholders may be slowing gains in renewable energy deployment.;Yet, there remains an important role for stakeholder participation in renewable energy governance in the U.S. Given recent actions by the federal government to reduce funding for renewable energy programs and research and create market conditions that heavily favor the fossil fuel industry, it is up to states now more than ever to sustain the momentum towards a clean and renewable energy future gained over the past two decades. As it stands, the processes by which decisions in the U.S. electric sector are made are less a reflection of democratic or capitalist ideals, and more so of the utility monopoly system on which the electric sector was founded. Thus, the greatest challenge to introducing new and improved opportunities for stakeholder participation may be overcoming the industry culture this history has created.
机译：对于发展国内和州经济，减少对外国化石燃料的依赖以及提供无碳能源来应对气候变化至关重要。由于基于化石燃料的能源生产在电力市场中占主导地位，因此许多州和国家都采取了鼓励生产者转向可再生能源的政策。在缺乏强有力的国家政策的情况下，美国许多州都采用了可再生能源投资组合标准（RPS）政策。要求电力公司从可再生能源中产生最小百分比的电力，这有助于为可再生能源技术建立一个稳定可靠的市场。尽管可再生能源为清洁能源的生产提供了新的可能性，但它也带来了新的监管和治理挑战，越来越多的利益相关者，例如电力公司，监管机构，环境和消费者权益团体，独立发电机和私人公民，越来越多试图影响RPS的设计和实施方式。这些不同的利益相关者何时以及如何参与可再生能源政策的制定和管理？这对政策输出的形成有影响吗？；这三篇论文探讨了设计和实施州级可再生能源政策的过程，利益相关者在相关决策过程中的机会，以及参与式决策的设计是否以及如何进行。制作过程适合于不同的决策环境。它使用各种数据源，包括2016年6月在科罗拉多州和内华达州进行的采访，代理文件，新闻片段和学术文献。在此过程中，本论文旨在促进对利益相关者在可再生能源政策和决策中的作用的应用和学术理解，这在学术研究中很少受到关注。电力治理-有强大的个人和团体影响政策的设计和实施。由于很少有利益相关者参与的要求，所以某些利益相关者团体，即有组织的公众成员和可再生能源倡导者，目前在影响决策，要求决策者承担责任或实现与过程相关的收益（例如积累知识和社会资本）方面机会有限。结果，RPS政策在某些州（如内华达州）可能变得越来越无效，并且将这些利益相关者排除在外可能会减缓可再生能源部署的收益。;然而，利益相关者在参与可再生能源治理方面仍然发挥着重要作用。美国鉴于联邦政府最近采取了减少可再生能源计划和研究的资金，并创造了对化石燃料行业极为有利的市场条件，现在，各州现在比以往任何时候都更需要维持清洁和可再生能源未来的发展势头。在过去的二十年中取得了进步。就目前而言，美国电力部门做出决策的过程较少反映民主或资本主义理想，而电力部门建立的公用事业垄断体系则更多。因此，为利益相关者提供新的和改进的机会的最大挑战可能是克服这种历史所创造的行业文化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Rountree, Valerie.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Arizona.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Arizona.;
  • 学科 Environmental studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 92 p.
  • 总页数 92
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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