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Impact of phytoplankton community structure and function on marine particulate optical properties.

机译：浮游植物群落结构和功能对海洋微粒光学特性的影响。

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摘要

Phytoplankton are an ecologically important and diverse group of organisms whose distribution, abundance, and population dynamics vary significantly over small spatial (cm) and temporal (minutes) scales in the coastal ocean. Our inability to observe phytoplankton community structure and function at these small scales has severely limited our understanding of the fundamental ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that drive phytoplankton growth, mortality, adaptation and speciation. The goal of this dissertation was to enhance our understanding of phytoplankton ecology by improving in situ observational techniques based on the optical properties of cells, colonies, populations, and communities. Field and laboratory studies were used to determine the effects of phytoplankton species composition, morphology, and physiology on the inherent optical properties of communities and to explore the adaptive significance of bio-optically important cellular characteristics. Initial field studies found a strong association between species composition and the relative magnitude and shape of particulate absorption, scattering, and attenuation coefficient spectra. Subsequent field studies using scanning flow cytometry to directly measure optically important phytoplankton and non-algal particle characteristics demonstrated that the size and pigment content of large (>20 microm) phytoplankton cells and colonies vary significantly with the slope of particulate attenuation and absorption spectra, and with the ratio of particulate scattering to absorption. These relationships enabled visualization of phytoplankton community composition and mortality over small spatial and temporal scales derived from high resolution optical measurements acquired with an autonomous profiling system. Laboratory studies with diverse uni-algal cultures showed that morphological and physiological characteristics of cells and colonies can account for ∼30% of the optical variation observed in natural communities and that complex morphologies and low intracellular pigment concentrations minimize pigment self-shading that could otherwise limit bio-optical fitness. These results demonstrate that optical properties reveal detailed information about the distribution, abundance, morphology, and physiology of phytoplankton that can help explain their ecological dynamics over small spatial scales and the bio-optical function of diverse forms in the ocean.
机译：浮游植物是具有重要生态意义和多样性的生物体，在沿海海洋中，其分布，丰度和种群动态在较小的空间（cm）和时间（分钟）尺度上有显着变化。我们无法在如此小的规模上观察到浮游植物的群落结构和功能，这严重限制了我们对驱动浮游植物生长，死亡，适应和物种形成的基本生态和进化机制的理解。本文的目的是通过基于细胞，菌落，种群和群落的光学特性的原位观察技术，提高我们对浮游植物生态学的理解。现场和实验室研究用于确定浮游植物物种组成，形态和生理对群落固有光学特性的影响，并探讨生物光学重要细胞特性的适应性意义。最初的现场研究发现，物种组成与颗粒吸收，散射和衰减系数谱的相对大小和形状之间有很强的联系。随后的现场研究使用扫描流式细胞仪直接测量光学上重要的浮游植物和非藻类颗粒特征，表明大型（> 20微米）浮游植物细胞和菌落的大小和色素含量随颗粒衰减和吸收光谱的斜率而显着变化，并且颗粒物散射与吸收之比。这些关系使可视化的浮游植物群落组成和死亡率在较小的空间和时间尺度上，而这些尺度是从使用自主轮廓分析系统获得的高分辨率光学测量结果中得出的。对各种单藻培养物进行的实验室研究表明，细胞和菌落的形态和生理特征可占自然界中观察到的光学变化的约30％，而且复杂的形态和低的细胞内色素浓度可最大程度地减少色素的自我遮蔽，否则可能会限制色素沉着生物光学适应性。这些结果表明，光学性质揭示了有关浮游植物分布，丰度，形态和生理的详细信息，可以帮助解释其在小空间尺度上的生态动力学以及海洋中各种形式的生物光学功能。

著录项

  • 作者

    McFarland, Malcolm Neil.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Rhode Island.;

  • 授予单位 University of Rhode Island.;
  • 学科 Biology Oceanography.;Physics Optics.;Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 176 p.
  • 总页数 176
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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