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Opposing Movement Strategy, Critical Events, and Policy Change: How the Gun Control and Gun Rights Movements Capitalize on Mass Shootings

机译：反对运动战略，重大事件和政策变化：枪支管制和枪支权利运动如何利用大规模枪击案

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摘要

This dissertation explains why both sides of an opposing movement pair make political gains in the contentious, crowded, and shifting political context that follows attention-grabbing, agenda-disrupting events. The literature on policy change in political science and sociology contend that "critical events" are an opportunity to mobilize supporters and secure policy change. But existing research does not explain why, where, or under what conditions opposing political organizations do so. To address this shortcoming, this dissertation uses historical-comparative and ethnographic techniques to analyze over 100 hours of fieldwork; thousands of organizational documents, newspaper articles, and government reports; and informal interviews to determine how gun control and gun rights groups both sought to maximize policy gains in the years after the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut.;The analysis demonstrates that gun control groups maximized political gains by shifting their attention to state legislative venues after their initial efforts to secure national legislation failed. Gun rights groups, however, maximized political gains by trusting their allies in Congress to block new gun control legislation and continuing to push legislative goals in favorable state contexts, while using the threat of gun control to mobilize their supporters. This dissertation contributes the literatures on social movements, organizational strategy, and policy changes by elaborating a theory of selected contexts, whereby national political organizations prioritize key policy fights in certain state legislatures. A theory of selected contexts is necessary to understand how national political organizations influence local politics under conditions of national political gridlock. This dissertation also contributes to our broader understanding of the politics of violence, particularly the politics of mass shootings.
机译：这篇论文解释了为什么反对派运动的双方在有争议的，拥挤的，不断变化的政治环境中，在充满争议，拥挤和变化的政治环境中取得政治利益。有关政治科学和社会学政策变化的文献认为，“重大事件”是动员支持者和确保政策变化的机会。但是现有的研究并未解释反对政治组织这样做的原因，地点或条件。为了克服这一缺点，本文采用历史比较法和人种志技术对100多个小时的实地考察进行了分析。数千份组织文件，报纸文章和政府报告；以及非正式采访，以确定在康涅狄格州纽敦的桑迪胡克小学枪击案发生后的几年里，枪支管制组织和枪支维权组织如何力图最大程度地获取政策收益。该分析表明，枪支管制组织通过将注意力转向国家立法机构在为确保国家立法所做的最初努力后失败了。但是，枪支维权组织通过信任国会中的盟友阻止新的枪支管制立法，并在有利的国家环境中继续推动立法目标，同时利用枪支管制的威胁来动员其支持者，从而最大程度地提高政治收益。本文通过阐述特定情境的理论，为有关社会运动，组织战略和政策变革的文献做出了贡献，从而使国家政治组织将某些州立法机关的关键政策斗争置于优先地位。为了了解国家政治组织如何在国家政治僵局的情况下影响地方政治，必须选择一种特定的情境理论。这篇论文也有助于我们对暴力政治，尤其是大规模枪击政治的更广泛理解。

著录项

  • 作者

    Laschever, Eulalie Ida Jean.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Irvine.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Irvine.;
  • 学科 Sociology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 179 p.
  • 总页数 179
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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