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首页> 外文学位 >From a 'Strong Town of War' to the 'Very Heart of the Country': The English Border Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1558-1625
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From a 'Strong Town of War' to the 'Very Heart of the Country': The English Border Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1558-1625

机译：从“战争之城”到“乡村之心”：1558-1625年英国边境特威德河畔贝里克镇

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摘要

The English border town of Berwick-upon-Tweed provides the perfect case study to analyze early modern state building in the frontiers. Berwick experienced two seismic shifts of identity, instituted by two successive monarchs: Elizabeth I (1558--1603) and James I (1603--1625). Both sought to expand state power in the borders, albeit in different ways. Elizabeth needed to secure her borders, and so built up Berwick's military might with expensive new fortifications and an enlarged garrison of soldiers, headed by a governor who administered the civilian population as well. This arrangement resulted in continual clashes with Berwick's traditional governing guild. Then, in 1603, Berwick's world was turned upside-down when James VI, king of Scotland, ascended the English throne. The turbulent borders were rechristened the "Middle Shires" of his united realm. Berwick was stripped of its border garrison, and relevance, by 1604; now, it was merely a regional market center. Its townspeople regained their pre-Elizabethan autonomy, but they faced the challenge of redefining their urban identity, so tied as it had been to the town's militarized status. While Berwick's leaders developed creative solutions to cope with the loss of employment and crown funds resulting from the garrison's dissolution, ultimately the town declined without the border line to give it international significance.;Across early modern Europe, states engaged in concerted efforts of consolidation and centralization of their power. These efforts proved particularly difficult in the frontiers, which were often distant from the crown and near a hostile neighboring state. We cannot understand the process of state formation from the state's perspective alone. This work tracks the changes in governance, economy, and identity of a town that found itself directly in the orbit of an expanding state. Crown policy as it was enacted on the ground elicited local responses, both cooperative and combative, that in turn shaped how the townspeople understood their community and themselves, and the power of the state.
机译：英国边境小镇特威德河畔贝里克（Berwick-upon-Tweed）提供了一个完美的案例研究，可以分析边境的早期现代国家建筑。伯威克经历了两次身份上的两次地震转变，这是由两个连续的君主发起的：伊丽莎白一世（1558--1603）和詹姆斯一世（1603--1625）。两者都试图扩大国界，尽管采取了不同的方式。伊丽莎白需要保护自己的边界，因此以昂贵的新防御工事和扩大的士兵驻军建立了伯威克的军事力量，并由一名也负责管理平民的州长领导。这种安排导致与Berwick的传统执政行会不断发生冲突。然后，在1603年，当苏格兰国王詹姆斯六世登上英国王位时，伯威克的世界被颠倒了。动荡的边界被重新命名为他的联合王国的“中间郡”。到1604年，伯威克被剥夺了边境驻军和相关性。现在，它只是一个区域市场中心。它的城镇居民重新获得了伊丽莎白时代前的自治权，但是他们面临着重新定义城市身份的挑战，因为城市身份与城镇的军事地位息息相关。尽管伯威克的领导人开发了创造性的解决方案来应对因驻军解散而造成的就业损失和官方资金损失，但该镇最终还是在没有边界的情况下倒塌，以使其具有国际意义。集中力量。事实证明，这些努力在经常远离王冠且在敌对邻国附近的边境特别困难。我们不能仅从国家的角度理解国家形成的过程。这项工作追踪了直接处于扩张国家轨道上的城镇的治理，经济和身份变化。官方制定的王室政策引起了当地的合作和战斗回应，反过来又塑造了城镇居民对他们的社区和自己以及国家力量的理解。

著录项

  • 作者

    van Vliet, Janine.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Pennsylvania.;

  • 授予单位 University of Pennsylvania.;
  • 学科 European history.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 344 p.
  • 总页数 344
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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