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Prototyping in the Wild: The Role of Prototypes in Companies

机译：野外原型：公司中原型的作用

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摘要

Prototypes are complex artifacts in the design process. They are an essential part of the product development process, and yet one of the least formally explored areas of design practice. This research is a qualitative, empirical, and industrial-based study using inductive ethnographic observations to further our understanding of the various roles prototypes play on design teams in organizations. This research observed the entire product development process within three companies in the fields of consumer electronics, footwear, and medical devices. The guiding research questions were: What is a prototype? What are the roles of prototypes on design teams? How do these roles change or manifest throughout the process?;Through analysis, I uncovered that prototypes are tools for enhanced communication, increased learning, and informed decision-making. I provide a newly modified definition of a prototype, which is used to expand designers' mental models. I proved that prototypes are dynamic artifacts that shape social situations during product development. Specifically, I uncovered that the primary purpose of prototypes changes based on the context of use. I explored five unique contexts, and I describe how the primary role of prototypes shifts between a tool for communication, learning, and decision-making based on the context of use within companies. These insights can help designers, project managers, and other stakeholders become aware of the many benefits and biases that prototypes create in common situations throughout the design process.;This research is significant because it provides empirical insights into the role of prototypes in professional environments. There is a need to better understand design practices in industry, such as prototyping, and translate these findings back into design education. I have already begun to translate this research to academia, by creating prototyping workshops, lessons, and tools to aid students in mechanical engineering. Ultimately, this research validates prior prototyping theories and claims, while adding new perspectives through further exploiting each role of a prototype and how it changes over time and with use. This research provides a new framework for viewing prototypes, specifically how prototypes have agency. Prototypes enable actions to occur, and they influence human behavior in social situations.
机译：原型是设计过程中的复杂工件。它们是产品开发过程中必不可少的部分，也是设计实践中最少被正式探讨的领域之一。这项研究是定性，基于经验和基于工业的研究，使用归纳人种志研究来进一步了解原型在组织设计团队中所扮演的各种角色。这项研究观察了消费电子，鞋类和医疗设备领域三家公司内部的整个产品开发过程。指导性研究问题是：什么是原型？原型在设计团队中的作用是什么？这些角色如何在整个过程中改变或体现？；通过分析，我发现原型是增强交流，增加学习和明智决策的工具。我提供了原型的新修改定义，该定义用于扩展设计师的思维模型。我证明了原型是在产品开发过程中塑造社交环境的动态工件。具体来说，我发现原型的主要目的根据使用环境而改变。我探索了五个独特的上下文，并描述了原型的主要角色如何根据公司内部使用的上下文在沟通，学习和决策工具之间转移。这些见解可以帮助设计人员，项目经理和其他利益相关者意识到原型在整个设计过程中在常见情况下所产生的诸多好处和偏见。该研究意义重大，因为它提供了对原型在专业环境中的作用的实证见解。有必要更好地了解行业中的设计实践，例如原型设计，并将这些发现转化回设计教育中。通过创建原型讲习班，课程和工具来帮助机械工程专业的学生，​​我已经开始将这项研究转化为学术界。最终，这项研究验证了先前的原型理论和主张，同时通过进一步利用原型的每个角色以及其随着时间和使用的变化而增加了新的观点。这项研究提供了一个查看原型的新框架，特别是原型如何发挥作用。原型使行动得以发生，并影响社会环境中的人类行为。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lauff, Carlye Anne.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Colorado at Boulder.;

  • 授予单位 University of Colorado at Boulder.;
  • 学科 Design.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2018
  • 页码 248 p.
  • 总页数 248
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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