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Analysis of Urbanization in China by Remotely-sensed Data.

机译：基于遥感数据的中国城市化分析。

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摘要

China has been undergoing rapid urbanization since the "open door" policy in 1978. The fast process of urbanization has significantly influenced its society, economy, and environment. To quantify and describe this process, various indicators of urbanization, which are usually extracted from statistical yearbook and census data, have been adopted. However, these data sets are usually inconsistent, problematic, and cannot depict the spatial information of urbanization. Therefore, remote sensing images are usually employed as complementary datasets.;However, the existing studies remain insufficient for understanding how the information of urbanization can be extracted from remote sensing imagery and used properly, especially for China, where urbanization has unique characteristics. Therefore, this thesis aims to explore the usage of remote sensing techniques to further observe the process of urbanization and from four different perspectives.;From the perspective of socioeconomic development, we analyze the spatial-temporal relationship between indicators derived from NTL images and the socio-economic indicators of urbanization. The results of the analysis indicate that the summed lights in a city can represent the overall level of urbanization and that the average light of lit-up areas can reflect the density of urbanization. Meanwhile, when the amount of NTL approaches saturation, it becomes a less sensitive reflection of the level of urbanization. The proper NTL indicator has then been utilized on the analysis of urbanization in China's cities during the last 20 years, and the results reveal that the cities with political and geographical advantages have higher levels of urban development. Meanwhile, the cities in metropolitan areas and the Shandong province have undergone a more compact urbanization process than some inland cities.;Second, from the perspective of urban expansion, we extract the time series of urban built-up areas at the city level via a newly-proposed thresholding technique on the calibrated time series of NTL images. The threshold for extracting built-up areas has been found to vary across different cities and years, and it has high correlations with the level of economic development. We then analyze the urban expansion in Chinese cities based on prefecture cities in three provinces of south China. The results indicate that urban expansion occurred in all cities from 1992 to 2010, especially in coastal cities, capital cities, and cities in special economic zones.;Third, from the perspective of spatial pattern evolution, we explored how to quantify the urban spatial pattern, and use it to study the evolution of metropolitan areas. We compare the discrepancies of various remote sensing images in describing spatial patterns and combine the landscape metrics, Pareto distribution, and gradient analysis to explore growth type, distribution, and reaction of cities in metropolitan areas. Moreover, based on the comparison of the spatial patterns among three of the largest metropolitan areas of China during the last twenty years, we find that the driving force and growth type vary over metropolitan areas and that each area has its own regional characteristics.;Fourth, from the perspective of urban sprawl, we introduced two sets of indicators, which can measure urban sprawl both as a certain spatial pattern of urban development and as a type of urban growth, that quantify urban sprawl based on NTL imagery. The results present the degree of urban sprawl in various metropolitan areas in China.;Overall, this thesis extends our understanding on how to use information derived from remote sensing as a proxy for studies on urbanization. Moreover, urbanization in China is scrutinized by remote sensing indicators.
机译：自1978年“开放政策”以来，中国一直在经历着快速的城市化进程。快速的城市化进程已极大地影响了其社会，经济和环境。为了量化和描述这一过程，已采用了通常从统计年鉴和人口普查数据中提取的各种城市化指标。但是，这些数据集通常是不一致的，有问题的，并且无法描述城市化的空间信息。因此，通常将遥感图像用作补充数据集。但是，现有研究仍不足以理解如何从遥感图像中提取城市化信息并正确使用，特别是对于中国而言，城市化具有独特的特征。因此，本论文旨在从四个不同的角度探讨遥感技术的应用，以进一步观察城市化进程。从社会经济发展的角度，我们分析了NTL图像指标与社会之间的时空关系。 -城市化的经济指标。分析结果表明，一个城市的总照明量可以代表总体的城市化水平，照明区域的平均光可以反映出城市化的密度。同时，当NTL的数量接近饱和时，它就不太敏感地反映了城市化水平。在过去的20年中，适当的NTL指标被用于分析中国城市的城市化，结果表明具有政治和地理优势的城市具有较高的城市发展水平。同时，大都市地区和山东省的城市经历了比内陆城市更为紧凑的城市化过程;其次，从城市扩张的角度出发，我们通过以下方法提取了城市一级城市建成区的时间序列NTL图像校准时间序列上新提出的阈值技术。已经发现，提取建成区的阈值在不同的城市和年份有所不同，并且与经济发展水平高度相关。然后，我们基于中国南方三个省的地级市，分析了中国城市的城市扩张。结果表明，从1992年到2010年，所有城市都发生了城市扩张，特别是沿海城市，首都城市和经济特区的城市。;第三，从空间格局演变的角度探讨了如何量化城市空间格局，并用它来研究都市圈的演变。我们在描述空间格局时比较了各种遥感图像的差异，并结合了景观指标，帕累托分布和梯度分析，以探索都市地区城市的增长类型，分布和反应。此外，根据过去二十年来中国三个最大的大都市区的空间格局比较，我们发现大都市区的驱动力和增长类型各不相同，并且每个地区都有自己的区域特征。 ，从城市扩张的角度出发，我们引入了两组指标，它们可以测量城市扩张，既可以作为城市发展的某种空间模式，又可以作为城市增长的一种类型，基于NTL图像对城市扩张进行量化。结果表明了中国各个大城市的城市扩张程度。总体而言，本文扩展了我们对如何利用遥感信息替代城市化研究的理解。此外，中国的城市化受到遥感指标的审查。

著录项

  • 作者

    Liu, Lu.;

  • 作者单位

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong).;

  • 授予单位 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong).;
  • 学科 Geography.;Geotechnology.;Urban planning.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 192 p.
  • 总页数 192
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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