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Anaerobic microbes and communities in the context of soil and the equine digestive tract.

机译：土壤和马消化道中的厌氧微生物和群落。

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摘要

Soil and herbivore gut environments present different challenges to plant degrading bacteria in terms of nutrient availability, fluctuations in moisture, pH and temperature, and temporal constraints, however complex communities of microbes in each serve similar roles in hydrolyzing and fermenting the diverse components of plant biomass. This dissertation describes four projects with the underlying purpose to further understand the structure and functioning of anaerobic plant degrading communities. (1) A three-year microcosm experiment using enrichment and serial transfers to reduce the diversity of a complex soil community over time, tested the hypothesis that changes in community structure would be consistent across replicate samples and enabled the detection and isolation of persistent community members. (2) A second project to track the changes in bacterial community structure and function that occur during starch induced lactate acidosis in horses identified specific microbes that could be implicated in the recovery and/or resistance to these community changes. (3) Genomic data was used to compare clostridial species inhabiting the gut (belonging to the Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae) and those that are free-living (belonging to the Clostridiaceae) to identify metabolic strategies that could enable specialization to a host associated or free-living lifestyle. (4) The genomic sequence analysis of Clostridium indolis, a member of the C. saccharolyticum species group, provided insights into the genetic potential of this poorly described taxa which will drive hypotheses regarding its metabolic and ecological activities and help to resolve distinctions between closely related taxa in this taxonomically confusing clade within the Lachnospiraceae.
机译：土壤和草食动物肠道环境在营养可利用性，水分，pH和温度的波动以及时间限制方面，对植物降解细菌提出了不同的挑战，但是每种微生物中的复杂微生物群落在水解和发酵植物生物量的各种成分中起着相似的作用。 。本文描述了四个项目，其潜在目的是进一步了解厌氧植物降解群落的结构和功能。 （1）一项为期三年的缩影实验，使用富集和连续转移减少随时间推移的复杂土壤群落的多样性，检验了以下假设：在重复的样本中，群落结构的变化将是一致的，并且能够检测和隔离持久性群落成员。 （2）跟踪在淀粉引起的乳酸酸中毒期间马发生的细菌群落结构和功能变化的第二个项目，确定了可能与这些群落变化的恢复和/或抗性有关的特定微生物。 （3）使用基因组数据比较居住在肠道中的梭菌属物种（属于Laspirnoaceaceae和Ruminococcaceae）和自由生活的梭菌属物种（属于Clostridiaceae），以鉴定可专门化于与宿主相关或游离的宿主的代谢策略生活。 （4）梭状芽胞杆菌物种组成员吲哚梭菌的基因组序列分析，提供了对该描述较差的分类单元遗传潜力的见解，这将推动有关其代谢和生态活动的假设，并有助于解决密切相关的分类之间的区别。该分类科在Lachnospiraceae中分类混乱。

著录项

  • 作者

    Biddle, Amy Sanders.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Massachusetts Amherst.;

  • 授予单位 University of Massachusetts Amherst.;
  • 学科 Biology Microbiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 128 p.
  • 总页数 128
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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