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首页> 外文学位 >Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport Studies in Tidal Marshes of the Delaware Bay using High Resolution Numerical Models.
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Hydrodynamics and Sediment Transport Studies in Tidal Marshes of the Delaware Bay using High Resolution Numerical Models.

机译：使用高分辨率数值模型研究特拉华湾潮汐沼泽中的水动力和泥沙输送。

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摘要

This thesis presents the development work of high resolution 2-dimensional hydro- and morphodynamic numerical models of the Blackbird Creek and Bombay Hook marshes in the Delaware Bay. The goal was to assess the models ability of representing the complex marsh hydrodynamics, to study sediment transport in marshes and exchange processes between marshes and the adjacent bay and to better understand the sensitivity of these complex ecosystems to changes in the bay environment.;A high resolution numerical mesh was required to resolve the complex marsh geometry in sufficient detail for the studies. An approach was chosen that mostly employed existing data and only a minimum of additional field surveys. Methods were developed to improve the accuracy of bare ground elevations on vegetated tidal flats and to prepare bathymetry data for tidal channels based on a small number of cross sectional measurements.;The model system MARINA2D was tested and validated with the Delaware Bay Model Evaluation Environment from NOAA. Model results of water levels in marshes also showed good agreement with observed data for the Bombay Hook model, yet low water was under predicted in the Blackbird Creek model, likely as a result of higher vertical errors in its initial bathymetry and topography.;The Blackbird Creek model was used to assess the models' performance with respect to water levels and velocities. Analysis of the influence of vegetation on erosion and depositions patterns on tidal flats showed that in order to reproduce realistic conditions vegetation needed to be considered in the model forcing. Furthermore, for development of numerical models for marshes, additional modifications were required to correctly represent shallow flow conditions on tidal flats. Scenarios with high, medium, and low suspended sediment concentrations in the Delaware River identified the sensitivity of sediment budgets in the marsh to sources in the river.;Tracer studies based on hydrodynamic simulations of the Bombay Hook marsh were performed to identify the system's sensitivity to changes in tidal channel geometry and to find the best location for a channel blockage to prevent sediment transport out of the marsh interior that increasingly suffers from losses. The results showed that the system reacts significantly to small changes in channel geometry. Analysis of three blockage scenarios provided enough information to reveal a possible solution for the marsh loss problem, highlighting the benefit of numerical studies as a tool for decision making in marsh management.
机译：本文提出了特拉华湾黑鸟溪和孟买胡克沼泽高分辨率二维水动力和形态动力学数值模型的开发工作。目的是评估代表复杂沼泽水动力的模型能力，研究沼泽中的泥沙运移以及沼泽与相邻海湾之间的交换过程，并更好地了解这些复杂的生态系统对海湾环境变化的敏感性。需要高分辨率的数字网格来解析复杂的沼泽几何学，以便进行足够详细的研究。选择了一种方法，该方法主要使用现有数据，而最少使用其他实地调查。开发了一些方法来提高植被潮滩上裸露的地面标高的准确性，并基于少量的横截面测量来准备潮汐通道的测深数据。;模型系统MARINA2D已在美国特拉华州湾模型评估环境中进行了测试和验证NOAA。沼泽中水位的模型结果也与孟买胡克模型的观测数据高度吻合，但黑鸟溪模型中的低水量却被低估了，这可能是由于其初始测深和地形的垂直误差较高所致。 Creek模型用于评估模型在水位和速度方面的性能。分析植被对潮滩侵蚀和沉积模式的影响表明，为了重现现实条件，模型强迫中必须考虑植被。此外，为了开发沼泽的数值模型，还需要进行其他修改才能正确表示潮滩上的浅水条件。在特拉华河中悬浮物浓度高，中，低的情况下确定了沼泽中的沉积物收支对河流中水源的敏感性。基于孟买胡克沼泽的水动力模拟进行了追踪研究，以确定系统对水体的敏感性。改变潮汐通道的几何形状，并找到通道堵塞的最佳位置，以防止沉积物从沼泽地中流失，沼泽地内部日渐遭受损失。结果表明，系统对通道几何形状的细微变化有明显的反应。对三种阻塞情况的分析提供了足够的信息，以揭示解决沼泽损失问题的可能方法，从而突出了数值研究作为沼泽管理决策工具的好处。

著录项

  • 作者

    Stammermann, Ramona.;

  • 作者单位

    Drexel University.;

  • 授予单位 Drexel University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Engineering Environmental.;Hydrology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 182 p.
  • 总页数 182
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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