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Masculinities in the motherland: Gender and authority in the Soviet Union during the Cold War, 1945--1968.

机译:祖国的男子气概:1945--1968年冷战期间苏联的性别与权威。

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摘要

This dissertation starts from the premise that World War II changed Soviet ideas about manhood. The Soviet Union lost twenty-seven million combatants and civilians in World War II -- twenty million of whom were men. Delineating, performing, negotiating, and resisting a variety of cultural ideas about manliness shaped Soviet militarism and ideology during the Cold War. This dissertation re-evaluates the traditional and interrelated Cold War institutions of the military, scientific research, and the space program in cultural and gender terms in order to situate Cold War bravado in discourses about the recovery and renegotiation of masculine authority after the war. Applying historical and sociological masculinities theory to Cold War geopolitical institutions, I argue that Soviet culture saw a postwar divergence from the ideal of the "New Soviet Man" popularized in both general European socialist iconography and the specific era of the Bolshevik revolution. The particular conditions of the postwar era -- beginning with the international rivalries of the Cold War -- led to the unofficial recognition of multiple masculinities and, by extension, a plurality of subjectivities within the socialist collective. By examining the homosocial culture of officer training academies in the late 1940s, conscription and evasion in non-Russian republics in the 1940s and 1950s, the civilian "virility" of scientific research institutions in the 1950s, and the global celebrity performed by the first cosmonauts in the early 1960s, this dissertation reframes the Soviet Cold War as a geopolitical conflict rooted in cultural anxieties about manhood in the wake of World War II.
机译:本文以二战改变苏联关于男子气概的前提为出发点。在第二次世界大战中,苏联损失了2千7百万战斗人员和平民,其中2千万是男性。在冷战期间,划定,表演,谈判和抵制各种关于男子气概的文化观念,塑造了苏联的军国主义和意识形态。本文从文化和性别的角度重新评估了传统的,相互联系的军事,科学研究和空间计划的冷战机构,以便将冷战的喧嚣置于关于战后男性权威的恢复和重新谈判的讨论中。我将历史和社会学的男性气概理论运用到冷战地缘政治机构中,我认为苏联文化与二战后的“新苏联人”的理想背道而驰,“理想的新苏联人”的理想在欧洲一般的社会主义肖像画和布尔什维克革命的特定时期都得到了普及。战后时代的特殊条件-从冷战的国际对抗开始-导致对多种男子气概的非正式认可,并由此扩展了社会主义集体内部的多种主观性。通过考察1940年代后期军官培训学院的同族文化,1940年代和1950年代在非俄罗斯共和国的征兵和逃避,1950年代科学研究机构的平民“活力”以及第一批宇航员的全球名流在1960年代初,这篇论文将苏联冷战重新定义为一场地缘政治冲突,其根源在于第二次世界大战后对男子气概的文化焦虑。

著录项

  • 作者

    Fraser, Erica L.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 History Asia Australia and Oceania.;Gender Studies.;History Russian and Soviet.;History European.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 218 p.
  • 总页数 218
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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