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首页> 外文学位 >Integrating dairy and bioenergy systems to achieve environmental sustainability: The influence of different lifecycle pathways on energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and nutrients.
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Integrating dairy and bioenergy systems to achieve environmental sustainability: The influence of different lifecycle pathways on energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and nutrients.

机译：整合奶业和生物能源系统以实现环境的可持续性：不同生命周期途径对能源，温室气体排放和养分的影响。

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摘要

With an increasingly growing and wealthier population that demands more food and fuel, the pressure on the planet's ecosystems threatens to reach levels that cannot be sustained. Animal agriculture presents multiple challenges for sustainability and the dairy sector alone contributes 30% of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This dissertation contributes to the debate on the sustainability of agricultural systems and integrates dairy and bio-energy systems to address global warming and energy security using lifecycle techniques.;Chapter two evaluates how including dry distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal into the dairy diet affect energy intensity, GHG emissions, and direct land-use of milk production. This is done by conducting a cradle-to-farm gate lifecycle assessment and by expanding the system boundaries of the dairy farm to include ethanol and biodiesel production. Results show that scenarios that maximize DDGS in the dairy diet achieve lower GHG emissions and energy intensity, but lead to higher land area requirements.;Chapter three develops a novel method combining subdivision and allocation concepts to reduce the variability when partitioning the environmental impacts of a multi-functional system producing cheese, dried whey, and whey cream. After running several sensitivity tests, it is shown that the variability of results is significantly reduced with the new method when compared to the traditional allocation methods.;Chapter four combines process-based and LCA techniques to test the environmental impacts of different manure processing pathways that include anaerobic digestion (AD) and solid-liquid separation (SLS). Findings suggest that AD has the largest reductions in GHG emissions and depletion of fossil fuels, but also the largest increases in ammonia emissions. The study highlights the need of using multiple sustainability indicators to evaluate and understand the trade-offs between manure pathways.;Chapter five evaluates different AD pathways to reduce environmental impacts and increase energy production. Pathways are defined based on multiple management practices, co-digestion strategies, and energy conversion processes. Results show that management practices can achieve significant reductions in GHG and ammonia emissions, and can increase energy production as well.
机译：随着人口的增长和更加富裕，他们需要更多的食物和燃料，对地球生态系统的压力有可能达到无法维持的水平。畜牧业对可持续发展提出了多种挑战，仅乳制品业就占农业温室气体（GHG）排放量的30％。本论文有助于就农业系统的可持续性展开辩论，并通过生命周期技术将乳制品和生物能源系统整合起来，以解决全球变暖和能源安全问题。第二章评估了如何将可溶干酒（DDGS）和豆粕纳入到酒糟中。奶类饮食会影响能量强度，GHG排放以及牛奶生产的直接土地使用。通过进行从摇篮到农场的生命周期评估，并扩大奶牛场的系统范围，包括乙醇和生物柴油的生产，可以做到这一点。结果表明，在奶制品日粮中最大化DDGS的方案实现了较低的GHG排放量和能量强度，但导致了更高的土地面积要求。;第三章开发了一种结合细分和分配概念的新颖方法，以减少对食品的环境影响进行划分时的可变性。生产奶酪，干乳清和乳清奶油的多功能系统。经过几次敏感性测试，结果表明，与传统分配方法相比，该新方法可显着降低结果的变异性。第四章结合了基于过程和LCA的技术来测试不同粪便处理途径对环境的影响，包括厌氧消化（AD）和固液分离（SLS）。研究结果表明，AD减少的温室气体排放量和化石燃料消耗量最大，但氨气排放量增加量最大。该研究强调需要使用多个可持续性指标来评估和理解粪便途径之间的权衡。第五章评估不同的AD途径以减少环境影响并增加能源生产。基于多种管理实践，共同消化策略和能量转换过程来定义路径。结果表明，管理实践可以显着减少温室气体和氨的排放，也可以增加能源生产。

著录项

  • 作者

    Aguirre-Villegas, Horacio Andres.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Climate Change.;Alternative Energy.;Engineering Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 262 p.
  • 总页数 262
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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