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首页> 外文学位 >Comparative non-breeding foraging ecology of surface foraging kittiwakes (Rissa sp.) and deep diving thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia).
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Comparative non-breeding foraging ecology of surface foraging kittiwakes (Rissa sp.) and deep diving thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia).

机译：地表觅食kittiwakes（Rissa sp。）和深潜厚嘴黑斑羚（Uria lomvia）的比较非繁殖觅食生态。

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摘要

The non-breeding period is a critical life history period for seabirds, as individuals need to regain body condition lost while breeding. Where animals move is driven by a myriad of factors that can be divided into intrinsic factors, which are linked to physiological and life-history traits, and extrinsic factors which occur as the result interactions with other animals or the environment. To better understand the challenges of wintering in the North Pacific marine ecosystem, I studied the migrations and foraging ecology of three species, surface foraging black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and red-legged kittiwakes (R. brevirostris), and deep-diving thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) from three colonies in the southeastern Bering Sea. I tracked birds with geolocation loggers and time-depth recorders over three winters with contrasting environmental conditions (2008-2011). Remotely-sensed environmental data was used to highlight the effects of changing conditions both intra- and inter-annually, while stable isotope values of carbon and nitrogen from feather tissue were used to infer dietary trophic level and niche partitioning. In Chapter 1, I contrasted red-legged and black-legged kittiwake wintering ecology across the spatial, behavioral and dietary niche dimensions and found significant partitioning; red-legged kittiwakes showed greater specialization across all niche dimensions and depended almost exclusively upon on the Bering Sea ecosystem. In Chapter 2, I assessed individual winter foraging strategies of thick-billed murres using a combination of spatial, stable isotope, and behavioral data. Both annual and body size differences largely determined strategies, with some larger bodied birds from St Paul using a deeper daytime diving and more residential strategy unexploited by smaller birds. In Chapter 3, I contrasted intrinsic drivers (e.g. sex, breeding colony and experience) with the influence of annual habitat conditions on black-legged kittiwake winter distributions. I found large annual differences in distributions that spanned the sub-arctic North Pacific, yet in consecutive winters individuals returned to the same regions more often than expected. Overall, environmental conditions played a significant role in influencing the movements and behavior of individuals, however life history characteristics in consecutive winters such as sex, dietary preference or body size sometimes constrain individual wintering ecology.
机译：非繁殖时期是海鸟生命的关键时期，因为个体需要重新获得繁殖时失去的身体状况。动物迁徙的原因是多种因素，这些因素可分为与生理和生活史特征相关的内在因素，以及与其他动物或环境相互作用而产生的外在因素。为了更好地了解北太平洋海洋生态系统中越冬的挑战，我研究了三种物种的迁徙和觅食生态，即黑脚for（Rissa tridactyla）和红脚kit（R。brevirostris）的表面觅食以及深潜来自白令海东南部三个殖民地的厚嘴黑斑羚（乌里亚（Uria lomvia））。我使用地理定位记录器和时间深度记录器在三个冬季（环境条件相反）（2008-2011年）中跟踪了鸟类。遥感环境数据用于强调年内和年际条件变化的影响，而羽毛组织中碳和氮的稳定同位素值可用于推断饮食的营养水平和生态位分配。在第1章中，我在空间，行为和饮食生态位维度上比较了红脚和黑脚Kittiwake越冬生态系统，发现了明显的分区。红脚基蒂瓦克斯鱼在所有生态位上都表现出更高的专业化水平，几乎完全依赖白令海生态系统。在第2章中，我结合空间，稳定同位素和行为数据，对厚嘴鼠的个别冬季觅食策略进行了评估。年度差异和体长差异在很大程度上决定了策略，一些来自圣保罗的体型较大的鸟类采用更深的白天潜水，而较小的鸟类则没有采用更多的居住策略。在第3章中，我将内在驱动因素（例如性别，繁殖群体和经验）与年度栖息地条件对黑脚kittiwake冬季分布的影响进行了对比。我发现横跨北北极的北太平洋分布每年存在较大差异，但是在连续的冬季中，个体返回同一地区的次数比预期的要多。总体而言，环境条件在影响个体的活动和行为方面起着重要作用，但是连续冬季的生活史特征（如性别，饮食偏好或体型）有时会限制个体的越冬生态。

著录项

  • 作者

    Orben, Rachael A.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Santa Cruz.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Santa Cruz.;
  • 学科 Ecology.;Biological oceanography.;Behavioral sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 135 p.
  • 总页数 135
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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