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Effects of veterinary antibiotics on atrazine degradation in soil

机译：兽用抗生素对土壤中r去津的降解作用

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摘要

The presence of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in manure applied to agricultural lands may decrease agrichemical degradation by inadvertently altering soil microbial communities or function. Reduced soil microbial degradation of the commonly used herbicide atrazine (ATZ) could increase frequency of detection and concentration of ATZ in water resources. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of two VAs, sulfamethazine (SMZ) and oxytetracycline (OTC), on ATZ degradation and activities of the soil microbial enzymes dehydrogenase (DH) and beta- glucosidase (beta-glu) in soil and soil amended with 5% swine manure. Sandy loam soil and swine manure were used to conduct two side-by-side incubation experiments, one to analyze for 14C-ATZ degradation and the other to measure enzyme activity (no radio-labeled ATZ). Samples were incubated in the dark at 25°C and destructively sampled over a 96 day incubation period. No significant differences between treatments in the soil incubation study were observed for the quantity of ATZ remaining in soil. The distribution of ATZ and its metabolites remaining in the soil were slightly, but not significantly different. After 96 days, approximately half as much ATZ was mineralized to 14CO 2 in samples treated with 100 mug SMZ kg-1 relative to the ATZ only control. The apparent half-life of ATZ in the soil incubation experiment ranged from 10.6 to 13.5 days.;The addition of manure dramatically changed the behavior of ATZ in soil. In the presence of manure, ATZ degradation decreased by nearly 20% and increased the half-life of ATZ by approximately 20 days. The addition of manure resulted in over 50% more ATZ remaining, a reduction in DDA by nearly half, and the complete absence of DEA in soil. Atrazine mineralization was reduced by nearly 50% in manure-amended soil. However, the VA treatment did not significantly affect ATZ degradation in manure-amended soil. beta-glu activity was significantly influenced by VA type and concentration in the soil incubation study; the least overall beta-glu activity was observed in 100 mug kg-1 SMZ treated soil and the greatest activity was observed in 100 mug kg -1 OTC treated soil. beta-glu activity was repressed in manure-amended soils and elevated in VA treated soils (no ATZ or manure) relative to the ATZ only control. Veterinary antibiotics did not significantly influence DH activity in soil, yet the addition of manure stimulated DH activity. A complicated interaction effect between treatment and time was observed for both beta-glu and DH enzymatic activity in soil and manure amended soil. Microbial turnover, utilization of manure, VAs, and ATZ as carbon sources, as well as sensitivity of different groups within microbial consortia to ATZ/VAs are possible explanations for the interaction of treatment and time. It appears the application of VAs to agricultural fields does not significantly reduce ATZ degradation in soil at the investigated concentrations. However, the input of manure significantly increased the length of time ATZ will remain in soil. Further research investigating different VA types and concentrations, additional manure sources, and ATZ adapted soils is warranted. The results of this research will influence management decisions which could mitigate negative impacts associated with ATZ and VA co-application to soils.
机译：施用到农田的粪肥中存在兽用抗生素（VAs）可能会由于无意间改变土壤微生物群落或功能而减少农业化学降解。常用除草剂at去津（ATZ）减少的土壤微生物降解可提高水资源中ATZ的检测频率和浓度。因此，本研究的目的是研究磺胺二甲嗪（SMZ）和土霉素（OTC）这两种VA对ATZ降解以及土壤微生物酶脱氢酶（DH）和β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-glu）活性的影响。土壤和土壤用5％的猪粪改良。沙质壤土和猪粪被用来进行两个并行的温育实验，一个用于分析14C-ATZ降解，另一个用于测量酶活性（无放射性标记的ATZ）。将样品在黑暗中于25°C孵育，并在96天的孵育期内进行破坏性取样。对于土壤中残留的ATZ量，在土壤培养研究中未发现处理之间的显着差异。残留在土壤中的ATZ及其代谢产物的分布略有差异，但无显着差异。 96天后，相对于仅使用ATZ的对照，在用100杯SMZ kg-1处理的样品中，约有一半的ATZ矿化为14CO 2。 ATZ在土壤培养实验中的表观半衰期为10.6至13.5天。;肥料的添加显着改变了ATZ在土壤中的行为。在肥料存在下，ATZ降解降低了近20％，并使ATZ的半衰期延长了约20天。粪肥的添加导致剩余的ATZ多出50％以上，DDA降低了近一半，并且土壤中完全没有DEA。在肥料改良的土壤中，r去津的矿化减少了近50％。但是，VA处理对肥料改良土壤中的ATZ降解没有显着影响。在土壤培养研究中，β-glu活性受VA类型和浓度的显着影响。在100杯kg-1的SMZ处理土壤中观察到的总体β-glu活性最低，在100杯kg -1的OTC处理土壤中观察到最大的活性。相对于仅使用ATZ的对照，在改良肥料的土壤中β-glu活性受到抑制，在经过VA处理的土壤（无ATZ或肥料）中升高。兽用抗生素不会显着影响土壤中的DH活性，但是添加粪便会刺激DH活性。在土壤和肥料改良土壤中，β-glu和DH的酶活性都观察到了处理和时间之间复杂的相互作用。微生物的更新，肥料，VA和ATZ的利用作为碳源，以及微生物群落中不同群体对ATZ / VA的敏感性，可能是治疗和时间相互作用的解释。在研究浓度下，将VA应用于农业领域似乎并不能显着减少土壤中ATZ的降解。但是，粪肥的输入大大增加了ATZ在土壤中的停留时间。值得进一步研究，以调查不同的VA类型和浓度，其他肥料来源以及ATZ适应的土壤。这项研究的结果将影响管理决策，这些决策可以减轻与ATZ和VA共同施用到​​土壤相关的负面影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nordenholt, Rebecca.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Missouri - Columbia.;

  • 授予单位 University of Missouri - Columbia.;
  • 学科 Soil sciences.;Environmental science.;Chemistry.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 148 p.
  • 总页数 148
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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