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Dynamic air quality management through electricity dispatch.

机译：通过电力调度进行动态空气质量管理。

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摘要

This thesis presents an efficient approach to improve air quality by considering the two major industries that contribute to the present air pollution levels: transportation and energy. One of the major steps in reducing the pollution levels from the transportation industry is the introduction of Electric Vehicles (EVs). With the expected transition to an electrified vehicle fleet, there will be an increase in electric load. Hence, there exists a trade off between a decrease in the pollutant emissions from the transportation industry and an increase in the emissions from power plants. This thesis presents a novel approach to manage pollutant concentrations using generation economic dispatch at optimum cost.;This thesis first investigates the impact that EVs have on energy prices. EVs have an inherent capability to store energy, and hence can act as short term energy storage devices. To reduce the burden of this extra electric load on grid, it is beneficial to view EVs both as loads and sources of electric energy. This thesis studies the impact of EVs on energy, regulation and reserve prices if they participate as a provider for regulation service, a service required by a grid operator to maintain 60 Hz frequency at all times.;This thesis studies the effect of a peculiar "either/or" constraint in a market of commodities. This thesis shows that such a disjunctive constraint could result in decreasing energy prices with an increase in demand, in contradiction to the expected behavior of increasing prices. This thesis studies and explains this counterintuitive impact on the energy market with EVs supplying regulation. The locational dependence of regulation supply is another important aspect to the study. This thesis analyzes the locational impact of EVs to provide regulation in energy markets and shows that the change in energy prices depends upon the locations EVs choose to supply regulation services.;An increase in the number of electric vehicles will impose an extra load on the electric grid and hence will increase power plant emissions. Sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants are an important precursor to fine particulate matter concentration (PM2.5). PM 2.5 is harmful to human health as it can cause lung and heart related diseases. Because of the negative impacts of PM 2.5 on human health, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has set standards on the daily mean and the annual average concentrations of PM2.5. This thesis presents a novel approach to reduce the daily mean concentration of PM2.5 by coupling the EPA atmospheric model (CMAQ) and an electricity market model. A linear air quality constraint is introduced in a multi-time period DCOPF to reduce the ammonium sulfate concentration at an arbitrary location and time period using a 36-bus electricity market model. This analysis provides a good proof of concept. To build a more robust framework, this thesis develops techniques to construct a quadratic air quality constraint to reduce the mean concentration of PM2.5 at Lancaster county Pennsylvania on 07/18/05 using a 3357-bus electricity market model. Finally, this thesis presents an operational framework with detailed description of steps to implement the proposed methodology in practice.
机译：本文考虑了造成当前空气污染水平的两个主要行业：运输和能源，提出了一种改善空气质量的有效方法。减少运输行业污染水平的主要步骤之一是引入电动汽车（EV）。随着向电动车队的过渡，电力负荷将会增加。因此，在运输业的污染物排放减少与发电厂的排放增加之间存在折衷。本文提出了一种以最优成本利用发电经济调度来管理污染物浓度的新方法。本文首先研究了电动汽车对能源价格的影响。电动汽车具有存储能量的固有能力，因此可以用作短期能量存储设备。为了减轻电网上这种额外电力负荷的负担，将电动汽车既视为负荷又是电能来源是有益的。本文研究了电动汽车作为调节服务的提供者而参与的能源，调节和底价的影响，调节服务是电网运营商始终保持60 Hz频率所要求的服务。；本论文研究了一种特殊的“商品市场中的“或”约束。该论文表明，这种分离性约束可能导致能源价格随需求增加而下降，这与价格上涨的预期行为相矛盾。本文研究并解释了电动汽车供应监管对能源市场的反直觉影响。规制供给的位置依赖性是该研究的另一个重要方面。本文分析了电动汽车在能源市场中提供监管的区位影响，并表明能源价格的变化取决于电动汽车选择提供监管服务的地点。电动汽车数量的增加将给电动汽车带来额外的负担电网，因此将增加电厂排放。发电厂排放的二氧化硫是细颗粒物浓度（PM2.5）的重要前兆。 PM 2.5对人体健康有害，因为它会引起与肺和心脏有关的疾病。由于PM 2.5对人体健康的负面影响，美国环境保护署（EPA）制定了PM2.5的每日平均值和年平均浓度标准。本文提出了一种通过耦合EPA大气模型（CMAQ）和电力市场模型来降低PM2.5日均浓度的新颖方法。在多时段DCOPF中引入了线性空气质量约束条件，以使用36巴士电力市场模型在任意位置和时间段降低硫酸铵浓度。该分析提供了良好的概念证明。为了构建一个更强大的框架，本论文开发了一种技术，以构造二次空气质量约束，以使用3357总线的电力市场模型降低宾夕法尼亚州兰开斯特县在07/18/05的PM2.5的平均浓度。最后，本文提出了一个操作框架，其中详细描述了在实践中实施所提出方法的步骤。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dawar, Vikas.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Wisconsin - Madison.;
  • 学科 Engineering Electronics and Electrical.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 174 p.
  • 总页数 174
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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