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Molecular determinants of HIV-1 Nef-mediated CD4 and MHC-I downregulation.

机译:HIV-1 Nef介导的CD4和MHC-1下调的分子决定因素。

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摘要

HIV-1 Nef, a small accessory protein, is an important pathogenic factor for HIV virus infection and AIDS disease progression. Although the exact mechanism of its pathogenicity is not fully understood by far, at least four aspects of its in vitro functions are found to be involved: (a) Nef-mediated CD4 downregulation; (b) Nef-mediated MHC-I downregulation; (c) activation of cell signaling pathways; (d) enhancement of viral infectivity. Among these functions, CD4 and MHC-I downregulation are the most extensively studied. Acting as an adaptor protein, Nef binds CD4 at the plasma membrane and MHC-I molecules in the trans-Golgi Network (TGN) respectively, utilizes cellular adaptor protein complexes (AP-2 and AP-1 respectively) and reroutes both proteins to lysosome for degradation. However, many mechanism details still remain unclear. Our work revealed that: (1) Nef-mediated CD4 downregulation is AP-2 dependent; (2) An optimal downstream context is required for the AP-2 binding motif, a dileucine motif in the Nef C-terminal loop region to downregulate CD4 properly; (3) HIV-1 Nef is ubiquitinated and lysine 144, a ubiquitin binding site in two Nef alleles investigated, pNL4-3 and NA7, is required for Nef-mediated CD4 and MHC-I downregulation. All these findings contribute to further understand mechanisms of CD4 and MHC-I downregulation mediated by Nef and provide more information to assess Nef as a potential molecular target for anti-viral therapy.
机译:HIV-1 Nef是一种小的辅助蛋白,是导致HIV病毒感染和AIDS疾病发展的重要致病因素。尽管到目前为止还没有完全了解其致病性的确切机制,但发现其体外功能至少涉及四个方面:(a)Nef介导的CD4下调; (b)Nef介导的MHC-1下调; (c)激活细胞信号通路; (d)增强病毒感染性。在这些功能中,对CD4和MHC-1下调的研究最为广泛。 Nef充当衔接蛋白,分别在反式高尔基网络(TGN)的质膜和MHC-1分子上结合CD4,利用细胞衔接蛋白复合物(分别为AP-2和AP-1)并将这两种蛋白重新路由至溶酶体降解。但是,许多机制细节仍不清楚。我们的工作表明:(1)Nef介导的CD4下调是AP-2依赖性的; (2)AP-2结合基序(Nef C末端环区域中的双亮氨酸基序)需要最佳的下游环境,以适当地下调CD4; (3)HIV-1 Nef被泛素化,赖氨酸144是两个被研究的Nef等位基因pNL4-3和NA7中的泛素结合位点,是Nef介导的CD4和MHC-1下调所必需的。所有这些发现有助于进一步理解由Nef介导的CD4和MHC-1下调的机制,并提供更多信息来评估Nef作为抗病毒治疗的潜在分子靶标。

著录项

  • 作者

    Cai, Yi.;

  • 作者单位

    New York University.;

  • 授予单位 New York University.;
  • 学科 Biology Cell.;Health Sciences Immunology.;Biology Virology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 123 p.
  • 总页数 123
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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