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首页> 外文学位 >Characterization and treatment of produced water from Wattenberg oil and gas wells fractured with slickwater and gel fluids.
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Characterization and treatment of produced water from Wattenberg oil and gas wells fractured with slickwater and gel fluids.

机译：瓦滕贝格（Wattenberg）油气井的压裂水和凝胶流体压裂后采出水的特性和处理。

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摘要

Treatment of produced water for reuse as a fracturing fluid is becoming an increasingly important aspect of water management surrounding the booming unconventional oil and gas industry. Understanding variation in water quality due to fracturing fluid and produced water age are fundamental to choosing an effective treatment strategy.;This study involves the collection and analysis of produced water samples from three wells in the Wattenberg Field, located in northeast Colorado, over a 63-day study period (15 sampling events). One well was fractured with a cross-linked gel fluid, one with a slickwater fluid, and one with a hybrid of both fluids. Extensive water quality characterization was conducted on each sample to understand the impact of fracturing fluid type on temporal water quality trends. The greatest impact observed was that total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were significantly higher in produced water samples from the wells fractured with the gel and hybrid fluids (943 to 1,735mg/L) compared to the well fractured with the slickwater fluid (222 to 440 mg/L). Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations, as well as many of the component inorganics that make up TDS, were fairly consistent among the three wells. TDS concentrations at each well increased with time from roughly 18,000 mg/L at day 1 to roughly 30,000 mg/L at day 63.;Jar testing was conducted on collected samples to understand the variability in chemical coagulation/flocculation treatment due to type of fracturing fluid and well age. For the sampled wells, it was found that chemical coagulation can successfully reduce the turbidity of produced waters from wells fractured with both slickwater and gel fluids immediately after the start of production. The coagulant demand for produced waters from wells fractured with gel fluids was found to be roughly 25 to 300 % higher than that for wells fractured with slickwater fluids. The coagulant demand of produced water from each well was found to decrease with the age of the well.;Additional laboratory characterization techniques were conducted on a subset of samples in order to better understand the makeup of organic compounds in produced water, including an analysis of the distribution of the volatile portion of solids, a TOC size analysis, and an analysis of organic subcategories. It was found that the majority of organic compounds in produced water samples are smaller than 0.2 microm, and that the relatively small portion that is larger than 1.5 microm contributes significantly to the predominantly volatile total suspended solids (TSS) load. Carbohydrates were found to be the largest contributor to the overall organic compound load in early produced waters from wells fractured with gel fluids; petroleum hydrocarbons were found to be the largest contributor from wells fractured with slickwater fluids. Chemical coagulation was found to reduce TOC concentrations by roughly 20%, independent of this difference in makeup.
机译：处理产生的水以用作压裂液的再利用正成为蓬勃发展的非常规石油和天然气行业用水管理的一个日益重要的方面。了解因压裂液和采出水年龄导致的水质变化是选择有效处理策略的基础。本研究涉及对位于科罗拉多州东北部63口的Wattenberg油田中的三口井的采出水样品进行收集和分析。天学习期（15个采样事件）。一口井用交联的凝胶流体压裂，一口用滑水流体压裂，另一口用两种流体的混合液压裂。对每个样品进行了广泛的水质表征，以了解压裂液类型对时间水质趋势的影响。观察到的最大影响是，与使用滑水流体压裂的井（222至220 mg / L）相比，用凝胶和混合液压裂的井的采出水样品中的总有机碳（TOC）浓度显着更高（943至1,735mg / L）。 440 mg / L）。三口井之间的总溶解固体（TDS）浓度以及构成TDS的许多无机成分含量都相当一致。每个孔中的TDS浓度随时间的增加从第1天的约18,000 mg / L增加到第63天的约30,000 mg / L;对收集的样品进行了罐测试以了解由于破裂类型而导致的化学混凝/絮凝处理的变异性井井有条。对于采样井，发现化学混凝可以在开始生产后立即成功地降低使用滑水和凝胶液压裂的井中采出水的浊度。发现用凝胶流体压裂的井对采出水的凝结剂需求比使用滑水流体压裂的井高约25％至300％。发现每个井的采出水对凝结剂的需求随井龄的增长而降低。;对一部分样本进行了附加的实验室表征技术，以更好地了解采出水中有机化合物的组成，包括对固体挥发性部分的分布，TOC尺寸分析和有机亚类分析。结果发现，采出水样品中的大多数有机化合物均小于0.2微米，而大于1.5微米的相对较小的部分则对主要是挥发性的总悬浮固体（TSS）负载有明显贡献。人们发现，在胶质流体压裂的早期采出水中，碳水化合物是造成总有机化合物负荷最大的因素。石油烃是由滑水流体压裂的井中的最大贡献者。发现化学凝结可将TOC浓度降低约20％，而与妆容差异无关。

著录项

  • 作者

    Sick, Bradley A.;

  • 作者单位

    Colorado State University.;

  • 授予单位 Colorado State University.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.;Engineering Chemical.;Engineering Civil.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 108 p.
  • 总页数 108
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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