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Civilization and the modern military: Does increased military spending lead to higher levels of innovation in society.

机译：文明与现代军事：增加的军事开支是否会导致社会创新水平的提高。

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摘要

This paper used a series of two way fixed effect models to test the hypothesis that higher military expenditure will boost the quantity and quality of innovation. The dataset in this paper is a merged dataset from the World Development Indicators (WDI) dataset and the Quality of Government (QOG) dataset. It covers 159 countries between 1989 and 2009. Unlike the existing studies, this paper used multiple indexes to measure innovation, including GNI, Industrial Output, Service Output, High-Tech Exports, the number of Patents, and the number of Scientific Articles. These six independent variables would jointly capture the full essence of innovation in terms of both quality and quantity. Moreover, Military Expenditure per Soldier and its lags are used as the dependent variable of interest. A series of other control variables are used to capture different countries' government quality, educational level, financial market conditions, and infrastructure. Four of the innovation indicators (GNI, Industrial Output, Service Output, High-Tech Exports) have shown unambiguously positive correlation with military innovation. Only two indicators (the number of Patents and the number of Scientific Articles) show relationships with military expenditure that are insignificant. Considering the fact that military-related Patents and Scientific Articles are underreported due to the military secrecy policy, I am confident that, if all the military innovations are disclosed, all six proxies for innovation would show evidence that military expenditure can boost innovation. Finally, this paper provides reasonable grounds for policymakers to reevaluate the use of their defense budget.
机译：本文使用一系列双向固定效应模型来检验以下假设：较高的军费开支将提高创新的数量和质量。本文中的数据集是来自世界发展指标（WDI）数据集和政府质量（QOG）数据集的合并数据集。它涵盖了1989年至2009年之间的159个国家。与现有研究不同，本文使用多种指数来衡量创新，包括国民总收入，工业产出，服务产出，高科技产品出口，专利数量和科学论文数量。这六个独立变量将在质量和数量上共同捕捉创新的全部实质。此外，每个士兵的军事支出及其滞后被用作关注的因变量。一系列其他控制变量用于捕获不同国家的政府质量，教育水平，金融市场状况和基础设施。创新指标中的四个（国民总收入，工业产出，服务业产出，高科技出口）已明确显示与军事创新呈正相关。只有两个指标（专利数量和科学论文数量）显示与军费的关系不重要。考虑到由于军事保密政策而导致与军事相关的专利和科学论文的报道不足的事实，我相信，如果公开了所有军事创新，所有六个创新代理都将显示出军事支出可以促进创新的证据。最后，本文为决策者重新评估其国防预算的使用提供了合理的依据。

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  • 作者

    Jia, Xixiang.;

  • 作者单位

    Georgetown University.;

  • 授予单位 Georgetown University.;
  • 学科 Military Studies.
  • 学位 M.P.P.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 54 p.
  • 总页数 54
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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