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首页> 外文学位 >The effect of fish size, habitat type, and the deepwater horizon oil spill on red snapper, lutjanus campechanus, diet and trophic ecology in the northern gulf of Mexico.
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The effect of fish size, habitat type, and the deepwater horizon oil spill on red snapper, lutjanus campechanus, diet and trophic ecology in the northern gulf of Mexico.

机译：鱼的大小，生境类型和深水地平线的溢油对墨西哥北部海湾的红鲷鱼，lutjanus campechanus，饮食和营养生态的影响。

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摘要

Red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, were sampled with hook and line at natural (n = 33) and artificial (n = 27) reef sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico from 2009-2011. Stomachs (n = 708) were extracted and their contents preserved for gut content analysis, and muscle tissue samples (n = 200) were dissected and frozen for stable isotope ratio-mass spectrometry (delta 13C, delta 15N, and delta 34S) analysis. Forty-eight percent of sampled fish had identifiable prey which were grouped into 7 categories: fish, decapods, cephalopods, stomatopods, gastropods, zooplankton, and other invertebrates. A permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was computed to test the effect of fish size, habitat type, and the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill (DHOS) on red snapper diet. Fish size (PERMANOVA, p = 0.021), and the DHOS (PERMANOVA, p = 0.001) were both significant effects in the model, but interactions between habitat type and the DHOS (PERMANOVA, p = 0.049) was also significant. Significant differences in diet among red snapper size categories were due to low trophic position prey items, such as pelagic zooplankton, being more abundant in the diet of larger (>500mm) red snapper, while red snapper in smaller size classes contained greater amounts of higher trophic level prey such decapods and fish. Although no significant difference existed in red snapper diet between habitat types, they consumed slightly higher amounts of decapods at artificial reefs (21.9% of total diet) than natural (14.8%). The significant DHOS effect was driven by an increase in fish and a decrease in zooplankton in red snapper diet following the spill; however, this effect cannot be interpreted independently given the significant interaction between habitat type and the DHOS effect. Zooplankton prey consumption declined and fish consumption increased for red snapper sampled at both artificial and natural reefs after the DHOS, but fish consumption increased to a greater extent at artificial reef sites following the spill. A significant increase in delta15N after the DHOS (ANOVA, p <0.001) also indicates red snapper sampled fed on higher trophic position prey following the spill, and lower delta34S values indicate an increase in benthic versus pelagic prey consumption following the DHOS (ANOVA, p <0.001). The ontogenetic shift in diet observed via gut content analysis was also apparent in the significant effect of fish size on delta15N (ANOVA, p = 0.015). Overall, results clearly indicate the DHOS affected red snapper diet and trophic position, and likely affected the abundance of prey resources as well. Study results also confirm the utility of stable isotope analysis to infer aspects of reef fish trophic ecology.
机译：从2009年至2011年，在墨西哥湾北部的自然（n = 33）和人工（n = 27）礁石现场，用钩和线对红鲷鱼Lutjanus campechanus进行了采样。提取胃（n = 708）并保存其内容以进行肠内容物分析，然后解剖并冷冻肌肉组织样品（n = 200），以进行稳定的同位素比率质谱法（δ13C，δ15N和δ34S）分析。有48％的鱼类样本具有可识别的猎物，这些猎物分为7类：鱼类，十足动物，头足类，气孔类，腹足类，浮游动物和其他无脊椎动物。计算了方差的多元变异分析（PERMANOVA），以测试鱼的大小，栖息地类型和深水地平线溢油事故（DHOS）对红鲷鱼饮食的影响。鱼的大小（PERMANOVA，p = 0.021）和DHOS（PERMANOVA，p = 0.001）在模型中均具有显着影响，但生境类型与DHOS（PERMANOVA，p = 0.049）之间的相互作用也很显着。红鲷鱼尺寸类别之间的饮食差异显着是由于营养位置低的猎物，例如浮游动物，在大尺寸（> 500毫米）红鲷鱼的饮食中含量较高，而较小尺寸类别的红鲷鱼的营养含量较高。营养级的猎物，例如十足动物和鱼类。虽然红鲷鱼的饮食在生境类型之间没有显着差异，但它们在人工鱼礁（共占总饮食的21.9％）上消耗的十足纲鱼类的数量略高于自然（14.8％）。溢漏后红鲷鱼饮食中鱼的增加和浮游动物的减少推动了DHOS的显着作用；但是，鉴于栖息地类型与DHOS效应之间存在显着的相互作用，无法单独解释这种效应。 DHOS之后，在人工和天然珊瑚礁采样的红鲷鱼的浮游动物捕食减少，鱼类消费增加，但溢油发生后在人工珊瑚礁的鱼类消费增加幅度更大。 DHOS后delta15N的显着增加（ANOVA，p <0.001）还表明红鲷鱼采样后在溢流后以较高的营养位置猎物为食，而较低的delta34S值则表明DHOS之后底栖动物与上层猎物的食用量增加（ANOVA，p <0.001）。通过肠道含量分析观察到的饮食中的个体发育变化在鱼体大小对delta15N的显着影响中也很明显（ANOVA，p = 0.015）。总体而言，结果清楚地表明DHOS影响了红鲷鱼的饮食和营养位置，并且还可能影响猎物资源的丰富性。研究结果还证实了稳定同位素分析在推断礁鱼营养生态方面的实用性。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tarnecki, Joseph Henry.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of West Florida.;

  • 授予单位 The University of West Florida.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 93 p.
  • 总页数 93
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 F7-4;
  • 关键词

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