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Nature and Culture in Nineteenth-Century Mexico: The 'Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural' (1868--1914).

机译:十九世纪墨西哥的自然与文化:“墨西哥自然历史学会”(1868--1914)。

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摘要

This dissertation centers on the place natural history occupied in Mexican science and the ideas of the members of the Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural (SMHN). I propose that between 1865 and 1914, Mexican intellectuals who joined the Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural or participated on its margins, maintained a traditional, teleological understanding about the close links between the natural and social world. However, in this period they also embraced the use of scientific inquiry to enhance their understanding of the natural world in order to guide the country toward order and progress, similar to that enjoyed by other Western societies, especially France and the US. Influenced by Humboldt, Comte, Lamarck, and Spencer, Mexican scientists encouraged the study of natural history, believing that there was a strong and reciprocal relationship between the natural and social world. Mexican scientists had clear goals for this research: First, to learn how nature worked in order to maintain an equilibrium in the use of natural resources. Second, natural history could provide knowledge of how to use natural resources (flora, fauna, minerals), as well as improve the environment (climate, soil, air, water, geography) and the Mexican people (race, public health), which scientists believed would help to construct a modern and progressive country. Indeed, according to SMHN scientists, nature played a key role in the economic and social development of the country. For them, knowledge of the natural world would allow them to construct a progressive, civilized, and modern country similar to other powerful Western nations. In this vein, this dissertation examines what SMHN scientists thought about natural history and the management of resources to improve the country's economy and public good during the period from 1865 to 1914. This period is relevant because it constituted a turning point in the study of natural history in Mexico, linked to a long period of stable, authoritarian government known as the Porfiriato, the most important formative period of industrial expansionism in Mexico, increasing international investment in mining and railroads, a rise in agricultural exports, and other endeavors with a massive impact on the natural world.
机译:本文的重点是自然历史在墨西哥科学中所占的位置以及墨西哥自然历史学会(SMHN)成员的思想。我建议,在1865年到1914年之间,墨西哥知识分子加入了墨西哥自然历史学会或在其边缘参加,对自然世界与社会世界之间的紧密联系保持了传统的,目的论的理解。但是,在此期间,他们也喜欢使用科学探究来加深对自然世界的理解,以引导该国朝着秩序与进步迈进,这与其他西方社会,尤其是法国和美国所享有的类似。在洪堡,孔德,拉马克和斯宾塞的影响下,墨西哥科学家鼓励对自然历史的研究,认为自然与社会世界之间存在着牢固而互惠的关系。墨西哥科学家为这项研究设定了明确的目标:首先,了解自然是如何工作的,以便在利用自然资源方面保持平衡。第二,自然历史可以提供有关如何利用自然资源(植物,动物,矿物质)以及改善环境(气候,土壤,空气,水,地理)和墨西哥人民(种族,公共卫生)的知识。科学家相信这将有助于建设一个现代化的进步国家。确实,据SMHN科学家称,自然在该国的经济和社会发展中起着关键作用。对他们来说,对自然世界的了解将使他们能够建设一个与其他强大西方国家相似的进步,文明,现代化的国家。本着这种精神,本论文考察了SMHN科学家对1865年至1914年期间自然历史和资源管理以改善该国经济和公共利益的看法。这一时期是有意义的,因为它构成了自然研究的转折点。墨西哥的历史,与长期稳定的专制政府(称为Porfiriato),墨西哥最重要的工业扩张主义形成时期,对采矿和铁路的国际投资增加,农产品出口增加以及其他大量努力对自然世界的影响。

著录项

  • 作者单位

    University of Kansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Kansas.;
  • 学科 Latin American history.;Science history.;Environmental studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 252 p.
  • 总页数 252
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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